Its application is similar to the 20 volume developer. Amazon.com, Inc. (/ m z n / AM--zon) is an American multinational technology company which focuses on e-commerce, cloud computing, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence.It has been referred to as "one of the most influential economic and cultural forces in the world", and is one of the world's most valuable brands. Study hard. Twenty volume will give 1-2 levels of lift when used with permanent hair color. Does 10 vol developer lighten hair? My hair is naturally a medium blonde and I'm dying my roots to match my dark red hair. A 10 vol developer is ideal for maintaining natural colors, and to mix with toners and glazes. Answer (1 of 11): It depends on what results you are trying to achieve. By Erika Dwi Posted on September 26, 2018 Category : Developer; 0 thoughts on Using 20 Volume Developer With Demi Permanent Color Leave a Reply Cancel reply. developer directly on the hair that is dry and detangled. It is the standard developer for grey coverage, however, a stronger developer may be needed for more resistant hair types. 20 is just more universal for coloring because it is made for lightening but it helps cover grays too. Therefore, they are an ideal option for someone with fine and weak hair who wants to lift their hair color for 1-2 levels. There are many ways to express yourself on Facebook to communicate with friends, family, and others about what matters to you - for example, sharing status updates, photos, videos, and stories across the Meta Products (consistent with your settings), sending messages or making voice or video calls to a friend or several people, creating events or groups, or adding content The higher the volume, the greater the amount of peroxide. On finer fabrics it may even give up to 3 levels of lift. 
adminimcapi December 7, 2021. 10 vol Developer with Permanent Dye? 20-volume developer. Does Developer Damage Hair? In other words, two parts of developer to one part of toner. Volume 10 is the weakest, and Volume 40 is the strongest level of developer. Developers come in different volumes, with 10 being the weakest and 40 being the strongest. Its also great for gray coverage and aids in depositing color into the strands. The developer works best in virgin hair that hasnt seen any chemical manipulation before. 20 volume will lift up to two levels and is best for gray coverage. Apr 11, 2022. Meaning, you should be careful when using a 40 volume developer. A good way to cover those grey hair without damaging them. For the least damaging effects on the hair, a developer that is rated at a volume of 20 or less should be used. Since it is only a 10 volume developer and does not open the hair cuticle, it does not damage the hair significantly, unlike bleaches. I will sometimes use 10 volume when bleaching my roots, because virgin hair close to the scalp bleaches pretty easily. The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.It is a nearly perfect ball of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy mainly as light, ultraviolet, and infrared radiation. Oh So Hero!
Do a strand test before applying any new product to your hair to check the outcome. This is a popular developer as it contains enough amount of hydrogen peroxide and can be used to cover all your grey hair. 10 volume won't hurt anything and your color will take better. 10 Volume Developer, containing 3% hydrogen peroxide is used for no-lift hair color, tone-on-tone and tone-down applications. It should be a 20 Vol developer for the root area alone. You choose your Hair dye is one of the driving forces of the salon industry. That means the lightening effect is minimal, if noticeable at all. I really don't think I need to You will just end up needing to color again to get it right and the multiple applications of developer will do unnecessary damage to 10 vol Developer with Permanent Dye? In addition, there is a lower chance of 10 vol developer damaging your hair because its mild. The 10 volume developer is the weakest and thus less damaging developer and can only darken the hair by one shade. Developers and Their Uses. Crme Permanente Developer is a dedicated developer specially formulated to be used with Clairol Professional's Crme Permanente hair color. Volume 40 is not recommended for non-professional use, as it is very strong and can dry out your hair if it is not applied correctly. The developer, whether in low or high concentration, is still a chemical. The 10 volume developer is the weakest, while the 40 is the strongest. Add your answer: Earn +20 pts. All developers with peroxide will damage your hair, which most out there have peroxide. This answer is: Helpful (0) Not Helpful (0) Add a Comment. The 10 vol keeps her hair darker longer in between apointments. Is 20 volume developer less damaging? Containing 6% peroxide, this developer is stronger than 10 and can lift your hair by max two levels. 1 Answer. The answer is that hair developer does not do much damage, especially 10 vol and 20 vol. Ten volume developer is another great one for use with toner, but bewareit's pretty weak.
Lightening with the 30 volume developer. Hydrogen peroxide removes sulfur from the hair, which allows the color to bond to the hair. It works quickly as a result of the scalps heat. 10 volume will lift up to 1 level and deposit the color.
When its applied directly, it doesnt have much to activate. Play as the dragonesque hero Joe to fig developer is known as Illumination by hair experts.
20 Vol
10 Volume Developer.
The peroxide developer's oxidizing potential is denoted as its 'volume'. GTFO - zdrowie: jak leczy posta, medipack Przywracanie punktw zdrowia, apteczki. If you use one, then anything up to the 30 volume roll is usually fine. While not a single type of developer is entirely safe for your hair, volumes 10 and 20 are less likely to cause any notable damage. When the developer opens the hair cuticles to modify the color, it 20 volume developer is intended to lift the hair 1-2 levels. Is A 10 Volume Developer Bad For Your Hair? If youre lightening your hair with bleach or dye then youll need to use 20 or 30 volume developer. 40 Volume Developer; It isnt strong enough to lighten your hair in one session and is usually used with deposit-only dyes. Does 10 volume developer damage hair. Oh So Hero is a 2.5D Lewd Metroidvania PC game in development. It needs another product to increase the risk of damage. Hydrogen peroxide removes sulfur from the hair, which allows the color to bond to the hair. If you want gray protection, 20 are needed. But if youre going very, very light from dark hair, 40 volume may be the best choice. The 10-volume design may be recommended but the volume 20 will work best if only the dye itself is darker than what your hair was before. Utrata punktw zdrowi Does 10 volume developer damage hair. Instead, using multiple applications using lower volume peroxide will allow more controlled lightening. However, when it comes to 30 volume developer to lighten hair, the answer is yes and no. Like 5 volume developer, it doesnt provide much gray coverage or lift but can be used with permanent dyes. Re: Creme developer plus baking soda for lightening? developer helps to lighten the hair by half the tone, thus it is used when you need little changes on your hair color or tone. The volume of the developer indicates the amount of peroxide in it. Reply:10 volume will cover the gray. Is 10 volume developer less damaging? The 30 volume will not damage virgin hair. Some people don't understand the process. But that's from my time in the salon, so take from that what you will Knowledge is power. is a lewd metroidvania game in development by Full Frontal Frog! 30 volume will lift up to 3 levels and so on. Difference 2: The 10-vol is less damaging than the 20-vol because its chemical reaction is milder. Based on your hairs structure and natural thickness, a 30 volume developer is excellent for lifting three levels of permanent hair dye. Likewise, you can use it to hide up grey hair on more resilient hair textures. This mix sounds like it'd be damaging and drying and I'm not sure it'd really lift anything. author. Start off by mixing the bleach powder and the developer in a 1:2 ratio. The only problem is that I have very dark brown hair naturally, and I would like to lighten my As we know 10 vol. It is my understanding that you can use a 10 vol and permanent color and it will last as long as a permanent with the damage risk of a demi. 10 Volume. Its unlikely that a 10 vol developer will lighten your hair. The effects of these developer strengths are as follows: 10 Volume Peroxide is a standard oxidizing strength for permanent, no-lift haircolor. If not used properly it may cause chemical burns as well. For example, the 10 volume is not that damaging while using the 40 volume developer will certainly damage your hair. 40 volume is not recommended for on-the-scalp use. Super damage after using a 40 volume developer. The 30 volume is similar to the 20 volume except for the difference in 10 volume concentration. The Sun's diameter is about 1.39 million kilometers (864,000 miles), or 109 times that of Earth. There are a couple of enzyme developers but they are hard to get one is Trionics, and the other is Surface Pure which is for demi permanent hair dyes. adminimcapi December 7, 2021. 10 Volume Developer; As it is a strong developer, it cant be used on thin or fine hair as it may lead to hair damage. Low volume developers produce weaker bleach, so they cause less damage to your hair . A 10 volume is very safe and can be used every few weeks because it is works to deposit color only. 40 volume developer is going to be the most damaging to your hair. In the previous point, we discussed the lightening power of the 20 volume vs. the 10-vol developers.. Its related to the second difference because the higher the number, the more damaging its for your hair.. For a quick developer guide, check this out.
The 20 volume mixture is the most common and is used in most box dye kits and other do-it-yourself, at-home, hair dyes, and lighteners. One of the major concerns is if it is safe to use. Therefore, if you do not use it carefully and properly, it can cause hair damage. 0/10 do not recommend. Clairol Professional crme permanente comes in 10, 20, 30 & 40 Volume to achieve desired lift. Ten volume is also the default developer for many toners and glazes, however, keep in mind that The next level is 10 volume, which offers more lift and higher strand penetration. Start with clean, slightly damp hair. Hair developers come in different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. 30 volume developer to 10. Is 20 volume developer less damaging? 10 volume is used for deposit only- thats when the hair doesnt require lift to achieve the desired result. Power corrupts. Luckily, you dont need 40 volume for most situations. The higher the number, the greater volume of peroxide, and thus, the more lightening strength the developer has to offer: 10 Volume 3% Peroxide. 10 only deposits tho, so if you are going darker then what you are now it'll be fine. Be warned that with stronger developers, you may end up with a brassy tint to the resulting color. A 10 volume is very safe and can be used every few weeks because it is works to deposit color only. That being said, the hair color you're working with will affect what kind of developer you should use. 10 volume developer is meant to deposit pigment into the hair without lift. 20 Volume. Avoid using volume 40 developer so you do not damage your hair. To tone your hair, use a 2:1 developer to toner ratio. Is 10 volume developer less damaging? The result of applying 10 vol. Use a 10- or 20-volume developer to minimize damage. When a developer is applied to the hair, it breaks down the protein structure of the hair, making it more susceptible to damage and breakage. Using 40 volume developer can cause hair damage and chemical burns if not used correctly. The answer is yes. You can apply the mixture of 10 vol. A 10 volume developer isnt strong enough to open the hair cuticle, it just weakens it enough to lighten your hair by half a tone and give it a naturally lightened look. 30 Volume Developer. It will likely take you longer to achieve your desired. The peroxide is what's most damaging, honestly. Therefore, hair developer gradually gains much more concern than ever before. A 10-volume developer isnt strong enough to open the hair cuticle, only weaken it enough to lighten your hair one-half tone, giving it a naturally lightened look. Some hair is resilient, and refuses to let the hair shaft open enough for the hair to receive the color. Use volume 10 developer to lift your color a single level. For the least damaging effects on the hair, a developer that is rated at a volume of 20 or less should be used. Poradnik -Jakub Bugielski Guide Writer Aktualizacja: 16 grudnia 2021. For a bleach bath, we recommend 10 volume developer. The developer with 20 volumes opens the hair cuticle, but in contrast to 10 volumes offers a lift of the hair by one or two levels. For example, if you have more than 50% gray hair, the 20 volume developer is the only developer used for 100% gray coverage and long-lasting color. Does 10 volume damage hair? It is suitable for covering grays. Can i bleach my hair with 10 volume developer? Q: Is 40 Regarding the 10 volume developer, it may lift the hair cuticle so much that it can not be softened back down. A 10 volume developer by itself is unlikely to damage your hair. Study guides. Be evil. A 10 volume developer by itself is unlikely to damage your hair. When its applied directly, it doesnt have much to activate. That means the lightening effect is minimal, if noticeable at all. It needs another product to increase the risk of damage. 20 volume is likely the most used developer in the salon. June 28th, 2010, 09:09 AM #5 juliaxena You are invisible Join Date Jul 2009 My hair is naturally a medium blonde and I'm dying my roots to match my dark red hair. For example, if you want to tone dark colors, such as ash or deep grey, use a 10 volume developer. It is the most important source of energy for life on Earth.. I've heard of bleach powder and oils (with no peroxide in the mix) lightening hair a fair amount, but that's also drying. 10 Volume Developer. Is 10 volume developer less damaging? Any lightening process will damage your hair. Since its only a 10-volume developer and does not open the hair cuticle, it doesnt significantly damage hair, unlike bleach. Some people go darker when it does that. 10 Volume (3%) Developer can: Deposit; Gray Blending on Medium to Course Hair; Gray Coverage on Fine to Medium Hair; 1 Level of Lift on Fine Hair 20 Volume (6%) Developer can: Lift and Deposit; An excellent choice for gray coverage; 1 level of lift on medium to coarse hair I really don't think I need to Most haircolor formulas today work with a 10, 20, or 30 volume developer. This depends on what the designer is mixed with. 10 volume developer is the weakest concentration. Most hair color formulas use several different volumes of developers with distinct functions. Among these, the 10 volume developer is a standard oxidizing level intended to be used when adding a hue or shade to hair with the same brightness level. Thats why Can I use 10 volume developer with permanent color? is of many peoples concerns. If youre toning blonde hair then its usually fine to use 10 volume developer with the appropriate dye. 2013-06-02 02:12:10. Yes, a developer can damage hair. Volume 10 is the weakest developer level, as it contains only 3% hydrogen peroxide. The volume of developer. 20 volume developer can lighten your hair one to two levels, without causing significant damage.
adminimcapi December 7, 2021. 10 vol Developer with Permanent Dye? 20-volume developer. Does Developer Damage Hair? In other words, two parts of developer to one part of toner. Volume 10 is the weakest, and Volume 40 is the strongest level of developer. Developers come in different volumes, with 10 being the weakest and 40 being the strongest. Its also great for gray coverage and aids in depositing color into the strands. The developer works best in virgin hair that hasnt seen any chemical manipulation before. 20 volume will lift up to two levels and is best for gray coverage. Apr 11, 2022. Meaning, you should be careful when using a 40 volume developer. A good way to cover those grey hair without damaging them. For the least damaging effects on the hair, a developer that is rated at a volume of 20 or less should be used. Since it is only a 10 volume developer and does not open the hair cuticle, it does not damage the hair significantly, unlike bleaches. I will sometimes use 10 volume when bleaching my roots, because virgin hair close to the scalp bleaches pretty easily. The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.It is a nearly perfect ball of hot plasma, heated to incandescence by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy mainly as light, ultraviolet, and infrared radiation. Oh So Hero! Do a strand test before applying any new product to your hair to check the outcome. This is a popular developer as it contains enough amount of hydrogen peroxide and can be used to cover all your grey hair. 10 volume won't hurt anything and your color will take better. 10 Volume Developer, containing 3% hydrogen peroxide is used for no-lift hair color, tone-on-tone and tone-down applications. It should be a 20 Vol developer for the root area alone. You choose your Hair dye is one of the driving forces of the salon industry. That means the lightening effect is minimal, if noticeable at all. I really don't think I need to You will just end up needing to color again to get it right and the multiple applications of developer will do unnecessary damage to 10 vol Developer with Permanent Dye? In addition, there is a lower chance of 10 vol developer damaging your hair because its mild. The 10 volume developer is the weakest and thus less damaging developer and can only darken the hair by one shade. Developers and Their Uses. Crme Permanente Developer is a dedicated developer specially formulated to be used with Clairol Professional's Crme Permanente hair color. Volume 40 is not recommended for non-professional use, as it is very strong and can dry out your hair if it is not applied correctly. The developer, whether in low or high concentration, is still a chemical. The 10 volume developer is the weakest, while the 40 is the strongest. Add your answer: Earn +20 pts. All developers with peroxide will damage your hair, which most out there have peroxide. This answer is: Helpful (0) Not Helpful (0) Add a Comment. The 10 vol keeps her hair darker longer in between apointments. Is 20 volume developer less damaging? Containing 6% peroxide, this developer is stronger than 10 and can lift your hair by max two levels. 1 Answer. The answer is that hair developer does not do much damage, especially 10 vol and 20 vol. Ten volume developer is another great one for use with toner, but bewareit's pretty weak.
Lightening with the 30 volume developer. Hydrogen peroxide removes sulfur from the hair, which allows the color to bond to the hair. It works quickly as a result of the scalps heat. 10 volume will lift up to 1 level and deposit the color.
When its applied directly, it doesnt have much to activate. Play as the dragonesque hero Joe to fig developer is known as Illumination by hair experts.
20 Vol
10 Volume Developer.
The peroxide developer's oxidizing potential is denoted as its 'volume'. GTFO - zdrowie: jak leczy posta, medipack Przywracanie punktw zdrowia, apteczki. If you use one, then anything up to the 30 volume roll is usually fine. While not a single type of developer is entirely safe for your hair, volumes 10 and 20 are less likely to cause any notable damage. When the developer opens the hair cuticles to modify the color, it 20 volume developer is intended to lift the hair 1-2 levels. Is A 10 Volume Developer Bad For Your Hair? If youre lightening your hair with bleach or dye then youll need to use 20 or 30 volume developer. 40 Volume Developer; It isnt strong enough to lighten your hair in one session and is usually used with deposit-only dyes. Does 10 volume developer damage hair. Oh So Hero is a 2.5D Lewd Metroidvania PC game in development. It needs another product to increase the risk of damage. Hydrogen peroxide removes sulfur from the hair, which allows the color to bond to the hair. If you want gray protection, 20 are needed. But if youre going very, very light from dark hair, 40 volume may be the best choice. The 10-volume design may be recommended but the volume 20 will work best if only the dye itself is darker than what your hair was before. Utrata punktw zdrowi Does 10 volume developer damage hair. Instead, using multiple applications using lower volume peroxide will allow more controlled lightening. However, when it comes to 30 volume developer to lighten hair, the answer is yes and no. Like 5 volume developer, it doesnt provide much gray coverage or lift but can be used with permanent dyes. Re: Creme developer plus baking soda for lightening? developer helps to lighten the hair by half the tone, thus it is used when you need little changes on your hair color or tone. The volume of the developer indicates the amount of peroxide in it. Reply:10 volume will cover the gray. Is 10 volume developer less damaging? The 30 volume will not damage virgin hair. Some people don't understand the process. But that's from my time in the salon, so take from that what you will Knowledge is power. is a lewd metroidvania game in development by Full Frontal Frog! 30 volume will lift up to 3 levels and so on. Difference 2: The 10-vol is less damaging than the 20-vol because its chemical reaction is milder. Based on your hairs structure and natural thickness, a 30 volume developer is excellent for lifting three levels of permanent hair dye. Likewise, you can use it to hide up grey hair on more resilient hair textures. This mix sounds like it'd be damaging and drying and I'm not sure it'd really lift anything. author. Start off by mixing the bleach powder and the developer in a 1:2 ratio. The only problem is that I have very dark brown hair naturally, and I would like to lighten my As we know 10 vol. It is my understanding that you can use a 10 vol and permanent color and it will last as long as a permanent with the damage risk of a demi. 10 Volume. Its unlikely that a 10 vol developer will lighten your hair. The effects of these developer strengths are as follows: 10 Volume Peroxide is a standard oxidizing strength for permanent, no-lift haircolor. If not used properly it may cause chemical burns as well. For example, the 10 volume is not that damaging while using the 40 volume developer will certainly damage your hair. 40 volume is not recommended for on-the-scalp use. Super damage after using a 40 volume developer. The 30 volume is similar to the 20 volume except for the difference in 10 volume concentration. The Sun's diameter is about 1.39 million kilometers (864,000 miles), or 109 times that of Earth. There are a couple of enzyme developers but they are hard to get one is Trionics, and the other is Surface Pure which is for demi permanent hair dyes. adminimcapi December 7, 2021. 10 Volume Developer; As it is a strong developer, it cant be used on thin or fine hair as it may lead to hair damage. Low volume developers produce weaker bleach, so they cause less damage to your hair . A 10 volume is very safe and can be used every few weeks because it is works to deposit color only. 40 volume developer is going to be the most damaging to your hair. In the previous point, we discussed the lightening power of the 20 volume vs. the 10-vol developers.. Its related to the second difference because the higher the number, the more damaging its for your hair.. For a quick developer guide, check this out.
The 20 volume mixture is the most common and is used in most box dye kits and other do-it-yourself, at-home, hair dyes, and lighteners. One of the major concerns is if it is safe to use. Therefore, if you do not use it carefully and properly, it can cause hair damage. 0/10 do not recommend. Clairol Professional crme permanente comes in 10, 20, 30 & 40 Volume to achieve desired lift. Ten volume is also the default developer for many toners and glazes, however, keep in mind that The next level is 10 volume, which offers more lift and higher strand penetration. Start with clean, slightly damp hair. Hair developers come in different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. 30 volume developer to 10. Is 20 volume developer less damaging? 10 volume is used for deposit only- thats when the hair doesnt require lift to achieve the desired result. Power corrupts. Luckily, you dont need 40 volume for most situations. The higher the number, the greater volume of peroxide, and thus, the more lightening strength the developer has to offer: 10 Volume 3% Peroxide. 10 only deposits tho, so if you are going darker then what you are now it'll be fine. Be warned that with stronger developers, you may end up with a brassy tint to the resulting color. A 10 volume is very safe and can be used every few weeks because it is works to deposit color only. That being said, the hair color you're working with will affect what kind of developer you should use. 10 volume developer is meant to deposit pigment into the hair without lift. 20 Volume. Avoid using volume 40 developer so you do not damage your hair. To tone your hair, use a 2:1 developer to toner ratio. Is 10 volume developer less damaging? The result of applying 10 vol. Use a 10- or 20-volume developer to minimize damage. When a developer is applied to the hair, it breaks down the protein structure of the hair, making it more susceptible to damage and breakage. Using 40 volume developer can cause hair damage and chemical burns if not used correctly. The answer is yes. You can apply the mixture of 10 vol. A 10 volume developer isnt strong enough to open the hair cuticle, it just weakens it enough to lighten your hair by half a tone and give it a naturally lightened look. 30 Volume Developer. It will likely take you longer to achieve your desired. The peroxide is what's most damaging, honestly. Therefore, hair developer gradually gains much more concern than ever before. A 10-volume developer isnt strong enough to open the hair cuticle, only weaken it enough to lighten your hair one-half tone, giving it a naturally lightened look. Some hair is resilient, and refuses to let the hair shaft open enough for the hair to receive the color. Use volume 10 developer to lift your color a single level. For the least damaging effects on the hair, a developer that is rated at a volume of 20 or less should be used. Poradnik -Jakub Bugielski Guide Writer Aktualizacja: 16 grudnia 2021. For a bleach bath, we recommend 10 volume developer. The developer with 20 volumes opens the hair cuticle, but in contrast to 10 volumes offers a lift of the hair by one or two levels. For example, if you have more than 50% gray hair, the 20 volume developer is the only developer used for 100% gray coverage and long-lasting color. Does 10 volume damage hair? It is suitable for covering grays. Can i bleach my hair with 10 volume developer? Q: Is 40 Regarding the 10 volume developer, it may lift the hair cuticle so much that it can not be softened back down. A 10 volume developer by itself is unlikely to damage your hair. Study guides. Be evil. A 10 volume developer by itself is unlikely to damage your hair. When its applied directly, it doesnt have much to activate. That means the lightening effect is minimal, if noticeable at all. It needs another product to increase the risk of damage. 20 volume is likely the most used developer in the salon. June 28th, 2010, 09:09 AM #5 juliaxena You are invisible Join Date Jul 2009 My hair is naturally a medium blonde and I'm dying my roots to match my dark red hair. For example, if you want to tone dark colors, such as ash or deep grey, use a 10 volume developer. It is the most important source of energy for life on Earth.. I've heard of bleach powder and oils (with no peroxide in the mix) lightening hair a fair amount, but that's also drying. 10 Volume Developer. Is 10 volume developer less damaging? Any lightening process will damage your hair. Since its only a 10-volume developer and does not open the hair cuticle, it doesnt significantly damage hair, unlike bleach. Some people go darker when it does that. 10 Volume (3%) Developer can: Deposit; Gray Blending on Medium to Course Hair; Gray Coverage on Fine to Medium Hair; 1 Level of Lift on Fine Hair 20 Volume (6%) Developer can: Lift and Deposit; An excellent choice for gray coverage; 1 level of lift on medium to coarse hair I really don't think I need to Most haircolor formulas today work with a 10, 20, or 30 volume developer. This depends on what the designer is mixed with. 10 volume developer is the weakest concentration. Most hair color formulas use several different volumes of developers with distinct functions. Among these, the 10 volume developer is a standard oxidizing level intended to be used when adding a hue or shade to hair with the same brightness level. Thats why Can I use 10 volume developer with permanent color? is of many peoples concerns. If youre toning blonde hair then its usually fine to use 10 volume developer with the appropriate dye. 2013-06-02 02:12:10. Yes, a developer can damage hair. Volume 10 is the weakest developer level, as it contains only 3% hydrogen peroxide. The volume of developer. 20 volume developer can lighten your hair one to two levels, without causing significant damage.