Literature, 1. While this makes communication easier, it also poses a risk not only of misinformation but also misunderstanding between cultures. and World Literature, WhileComparative
Kafka Marina Grishakova, Lucia Boldrini, and Matthew Arnolds (eds.). by citizens of a particular nation. [4] What scholars in comparative literature share is a desire to study literature beyond national boundaries and an interest in languages so that they can read foreign texts in their original form. The positive study of comparative literature is built on the study of different languages.. and other countries, National literature is the literature produced It may be an incident or a device or a formula. political values and limitations of an emphasis on global processes over General Literature is devoted to developments in Comparative Literature from National Literature, General Literature, and World (Der kleine Komparatist [2003]). Whats lost in translation is also lost in culture.
nationalliteratures. In the French School, Comparative Literature becomes an ancillary discipline in the field of French literary history The French school was too narrow and relied too heavily on factual evidence It argued that Comparative literature ought to involve the study of two elements ( two different languages) , Introduction v Thematology or study of themes is a new area in the field of comparative literature.
As a result, comparative literature programs within universities may be designed by scholars drawn from several such departments. concerned with binary relations General Literature- research into facts Comparative Literature and General Literature, According to some scholars, the term comparative literature was first introduced in French in 1816, as littrature compare. It remains to be seen whether this approach will prove successful given that comparative literature had its roots in nation-based thinking and much of the literature under study still concerns issues of the nation-state. Criticism of the field quickly developed, as scholars realized that a more precise description of the field would have been the comparative study of literature and therefore comparative literature was a bit of a sloppy term. Literatureis about the commonalitiesbetweenall
Many comparatists also share the desire to integrate literary experience with other cultural phenomena such as historical change, philosophical concepts, and social movements. and common to allliteratures, Paul Van Tieghem distinguishes In our increasingly globalized age, translation studies are also an important part of the comparative approach to literature. - Comparative Literature", "Comparative Literature in the Low Countries", BCLA: British Comparative Literature Association, ACLA: American Comparative Literature Association, "Selected Comparative Literature and Comparative Humanities Journals", "Bibliography of (Text)Books in Comparative Literature", "Rebirth of a Discipline: The Global Origins of Comparative Studies", "Lehrstuhl fr Komparatistik - LMU Mnchen", "Comparative Literature in, from and beyond Germany", "Multilingual Bibliography of (Text)Books in Comparative Literature, World Literature(s), and Comparative Cultural Studies", A list of comparative literature departments and programs in the US, Canada, and UK, AILC/ICLA: Association internationale de littrature compare / International Comparative Literature Association, REELC/ENCLS: Rseau europen d'tudes littraires compares/European Network for Comparative Literary Studies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comparative_literature&oldid=1094552483, Articles lacking in-text citations from November 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2009, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. If you love learning, speaking, reading, and writing in multiple languages but also find yourself fascinated by what gets lost in translation, this may be a great field of study for you. the author lives. Given developments in the studies of globalization and interculturalism, comparative literature, already representing a wider study than the single-language nation-state approach, may be well suited to move away from the paradigm of the nation-state. is English. 
In the French School of Comparative Literature, the study of influences and mentalities dominates. Comparative literature is an interdisciplinary field whose practitioners study literature across national borders, time periods, languages, genres, boundaries between literature and the other arts (music, painting, dance, film, etc. Although many comparative works from this period would be judged chauvinistic, Eurocentric, or even racist by present-day standards, the intention of most scholars during this period was to increase the understanding of other cultures, not to assert superiority over them (although politicians and others from outside the field sometimes used their works for this purpose). This will include advanced work in at least one foreign language and its literature and a series of interrelated courses of your choice. "New Work in Comparative Literature in Europe". Comparative Literature, Bharath and Bharathidasan Master and Margarita, Mikhal Burgakov (Russia), Comparative Literature normally deals with It also prepares students to work in any field where critical thinking, strong writing skills and foreign-language competence and a sophisticated understanding of cultural difference and diversity are called for. Students and instructors in the field, usually called "comparatists", have traditionally been proficient in several languages and acquainted with the literary traditions, literary criticism, and major literary texts of those languages. National Literature treats questions confined English is a common one that encompasses all literature written in English, Works written in any other language Scholarship in comparative literature includes, for example, studying literacy and social status in the Americas, medieval epic and romance, the links of literature to folklore and mythology, colonial and postcolonial writings in different parts of the world, and asking fundamental questions about the definition of literature itself. Definition of Reception Study Reception Study is another branch of Influence Study which aims at measuring the response to a writer's works abroad, considering the sales, surveys of reviews, criticism, translations, etc. German comparative literature is being squeezed by the traditional philologies on the one hand and more vocational programmes of study on the other which seek to offer students the practical knowledge they need for the working world (e.g., 'Applied Literature'). However, antecedents can be found in the ideas of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in his vision of "world literature" (Weltliteratur) and Russian Formalists credited Alexander Veselovsky with laying the groundwork for the discipline. which excludes Tamil literature produced in countries like Sri Lanka, Malaysia The characteristically intercultural and transnational field of comparative literature concerns itself with the relation between literature, broadly defined, and other spheres of human activity, including history, politics, philosophy, art, and science. Literatureis about thedifferences,World 
Academic discipline comparing literature across cultures, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Comparative Literature Association, Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature, "What careers do Comparative Literature majors have? The program is based on ECNUs main campus in Shanghai. Fill in the form below and well contact you to discuss your learning options and answer any questions you may have. Comparative Literature: (Trans)national Literatures, BA, College General Education Requirements and Free Electives, Core Course 3: Capstone Seminar or Thesis, Select 1 Non-Western or Post-Colonial elective, Select 8 courses in two national literatures (4 in each), Comparative Literature: Globalization, BA, School of Engineering and Applied Science, http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/Complit/undergraduate.htm, Benjamin Franklin Seminar: History of Literary Criticism. Though its tempting to think of comparative literature as a combination of literature and cultural studies, these sentiments suggest its more than that: comparative literature is the only field that examines how different cultures put language to use.
What kinds of shortcomings in translation might have an impact on the readers understanding of the culture being described? British poet, Thomas Mann a German novelist moved to the United Comparative literature is the more widely used term in the United States, with many universities having comparative literature departments or comparative literature programs. We take the steps we can to read and view cultural texts in their original languages; when we cannot, we pay careful attention to what is gained and lost in translation. Comparative literature raises the question of whether you can ever truly study a single, national literature without knowing the foreign languages that influenced it. Both are basically different but modern literary critics use them as interchangeable terms. He distinguishes between, 'Influence' and 'Reception. According to him 'Influence' should be used to denote the relations existing between finished literary products, Things At least one concentration (4 course units) must be taken in a language other than English. In this program, you will have the opportunity to explore these and related questions., The opportunity to move from the familiar Euro-American literary canons into the fresh but less well-known worlds of African and Asian literature is what attracts most students to this popular MA. [1] While most frequently practised with works of different languages, comparative literature may also be performed on works of the same language if the works originate from different nations or cultures in which that language is spoken. This eclecticism has led critics (from within and without) to charge that comparative literature is insufficiently well-defined or that comparatists too easily fall into dilettantism because the scope of their work is, of necessity, broad. Comparative literature is an academic field dealing with the study of literature and cultural expression across linguistic, national, geographic, and disciplinary boundaries. Do patterns in translation across books, over time, influence entire nations understanding of one another? William
Most comparative literature curricula teach texts that have been translated into English, while encouraging students to reach foreign texts in the original language alongside their primary reading list or minor in a foreign language.
object of comparative literature is essentially the study of considered literature cause their written in English. With German universities no longer educating their students primarily for an academic market, the necessity of a more vocational approach is becoming ever more evident".[12]. in Rachel Polonsky, English Literature and the Russian Aesthetic Renaissance [Cambridge UP, 1998. It wasnt until the later 19th century that the field was institutionalized across some European and American universities. (even translated) are World Literature. The PDF will include all information unique to this page. Yes, I would like to be contacted about special events, newsletters and program information. literature is a discipline which bears on facts common to several literatures, At the core of the concentration in Comparative Literature are courses introducing Western, East Asian, Middle Eastern and South Asian literary traditions in comparative perspective. represent three consecutive levels.
But literature and readers have both always ranged outside the boundaries of one national language. Current trends in Transnational studies also reflect the growing importance of post-colonial literary figures such as J. M. Coetzee, Maryse Cond, Earl Lovelace, V. S. Naipaul, Michael Ondaatje, Wole Soyinka, Derek Walcott, and Lasana M. Sekou. It could be Rushdie, Roth, Updike, Gaiman, Tolkien, whoever, In this program, we approach literature as a cultural medium from a comparative, theoretical perspective. Tieghem, National Literature, Comparative Literature and General Literature But fundamentally the discipline of Comparative Literature is also a practice, a habit of learning, a way of studying literature, film and culture without arbitrarily stopping at national or linguistic borders. The minimum total course units for graduation in this major is 34. Comparative Studies of the Premodern World. The field today is highly diverse: for example, comparatists routinely study Chinese literature, Arabic literature and the literatures of most other major world languages and regions as well as English and continental European literatures. In this post, well help you better understand what Comparative Literature is and why it builds the case for taking up a foreign language. Double majors may entail more course units. If youre already a lover of languages, chances are you have a deep appreciation for different cultures as well. In response to Pivato Canadian comparatists Susan Ingram and Irene Sywenky co-edited Comparative Literature in Canada: Contemporary Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Publishing in Review (2019), an initiative of the Canadian Comparative Literature Association. The names of these visiting scholars, who form a programmatic network and a methodological canon, epitomise Szondi's conception of comparative literature. The theme is a recurrent element but it is related to the subject-matter to both form and content Motif vs Theme The theme is the central idea or message where as the motif constitutes the unit from which th, RECEPTION STUDY Influence study is an attempt to trace the influence of a writer Influence Study is an attempt to trace the influence of a writer (Emitter) or for a set of writers upon another (Receiver) in the area of theme, idea, attitude, technique, etc. the sum total of the worlds national literatures, but usually it refers to the
between Comparative Literature and General Literature: Comparative Literature-
The terms "comparative literature" and "world literature" are often used to designate a similar course of study and scholarship. masterpieces of Western European literature, world literature today is nineteenth century to describe the international circulation and reception of At the same time you will have the opportunity to take courses listed or cross-listed under the Comparative Literature rubric (XL) that further hone your skills as a comparatist, such as Gender and Literature, Literary Translation, Theory of the Novel, or Literature and Empire.. One way to prevent a single culture from dominating (e.g. [7], Work considered foundational to the discipline of comparative literature include Spanish humanist Juan Andrs's work, Transylvanian Hungarian Hugo Meltzl de Lomnitz's scholarship, also the founding editor of the journal Acta Comparationis Litterarum Universarum (1877) and Irish scholar H.M. Posnett's Comparative Literature (1886). Reacting to the French School, postwar scholars, collectively termed the "American School", sought to return the field to matters more directly concerned with literary criticism, de-emphasising the detective work and detailed historical research that the French School had demanded. and by a Tamilian is accepted as National Literature. You may count no more than one course toward both a Major and a Sector requirement. So, I live in Ireland, where the lingua franca Being proficient in several languages is a worthy goal in and of itself, but comparative literature takes it a step further: How is what we achieve in these languages a reflection of the past, present, and future interests of a given culture? How much responsibility and power do translators have in this regard? [citation needed]. mean much at present, it is time for the era of world literature and everybody elements, General literature is the study
Messages get lost in translation frequently enough within a single language or culture, but across languages and cultures the picture gets even more complicated. Elements of Space, World Literature implies A concentration in Comparative Literature is an excellent foundation for further work at the graduate level. National literature is produced by the people of a state, in the
Kafka Marina Grishakova, Lucia Boldrini, and Matthew Arnolds (eds.). by citizens of a particular nation. [4] What scholars in comparative literature share is a desire to study literature beyond national boundaries and an interest in languages so that they can read foreign texts in their original form. The positive study of comparative literature is built on the study of different languages.. and other countries, National literature is the literature produced It may be an incident or a device or a formula. political values and limitations of an emphasis on global processes over General Literature is devoted to developments in Comparative Literature from National Literature, General Literature, and World (Der kleine Komparatist [2003]). Whats lost in translation is also lost in culture.
nationalliteratures. In the French School, Comparative Literature becomes an ancillary discipline in the field of French literary history The French school was too narrow and relied too heavily on factual evidence It argued that Comparative literature ought to involve the study of two elements ( two different languages) , Introduction v Thematology or study of themes is a new area in the field of comparative literature.
As a result, comparative literature programs within universities may be designed by scholars drawn from several such departments. concerned with binary relations General Literature- research into facts Comparative Literature and General Literature, According to some scholars, the term comparative literature was first introduced in French in 1816, as littrature compare. It remains to be seen whether this approach will prove successful given that comparative literature had its roots in nation-based thinking and much of the literature under study still concerns issues of the nation-state. Criticism of the field quickly developed, as scholars realized that a more precise description of the field would have been the comparative study of literature and therefore comparative literature was a bit of a sloppy term. Literatureis about the commonalitiesbetweenall
Many comparatists also share the desire to integrate literary experience with other cultural phenomena such as historical change, philosophical concepts, and social movements. and common to allliteratures, Paul Van Tieghem distinguishes In our increasingly globalized age, translation studies are also an important part of the comparative approach to literature. - Comparative Literature", "Comparative Literature in the Low Countries", BCLA: British Comparative Literature Association, ACLA: American Comparative Literature Association, "Selected Comparative Literature and Comparative Humanities Journals", "Bibliography of (Text)Books in Comparative Literature", "Rebirth of a Discipline: The Global Origins of Comparative Studies", "Lehrstuhl fr Komparatistik - LMU Mnchen", "Comparative Literature in, from and beyond Germany", "Multilingual Bibliography of (Text)Books in Comparative Literature, World Literature(s), and Comparative Cultural Studies", A list of comparative literature departments and programs in the US, Canada, and UK, AILC/ICLA: Association internationale de littrature compare / International Comparative Literature Association, REELC/ENCLS: Rseau europen d'tudes littraires compares/European Network for Comparative Literary Studies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comparative_literature&oldid=1094552483, Articles lacking in-text citations from November 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2009, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. If you love learning, speaking, reading, and writing in multiple languages but also find yourself fascinated by what gets lost in translation, this may be a great field of study for you. the author lives. Given developments in the studies of globalization and interculturalism, comparative literature, already representing a wider study than the single-language nation-state approach, may be well suited to move away from the paradigm of the nation-state. is English. In the French School of Comparative Literature, the study of influences and mentalities dominates. Comparative literature is an interdisciplinary field whose practitioners study literature across national borders, time periods, languages, genres, boundaries between literature and the other arts (music, painting, dance, film, etc. Although many comparative works from this period would be judged chauvinistic, Eurocentric, or even racist by present-day standards, the intention of most scholars during this period was to increase the understanding of other cultures, not to assert superiority over them (although politicians and others from outside the field sometimes used their works for this purpose). This will include advanced work in at least one foreign language and its literature and a series of interrelated courses of your choice. "New Work in Comparative Literature in Europe". Comparative Literature, Bharath and Bharathidasan Master and Margarita, Mikhal Burgakov (Russia), Comparative Literature normally deals with It also prepares students to work in any field where critical thinking, strong writing skills and foreign-language competence and a sophisticated understanding of cultural difference and diversity are called for. Students and instructors in the field, usually called "comparatists", have traditionally been proficient in several languages and acquainted with the literary traditions, literary criticism, and major literary texts of those languages. National Literature treats questions confined English is a common one that encompasses all literature written in English, Works written in any other language Scholarship in comparative literature includes, for example, studying literacy and social status in the Americas, medieval epic and romance, the links of literature to folklore and mythology, colonial and postcolonial writings in different parts of the world, and asking fundamental questions about the definition of literature itself. Definition of Reception Study Reception Study is another branch of Influence Study which aims at measuring the response to a writer's works abroad, considering the sales, surveys of reviews, criticism, translations, etc. German comparative literature is being squeezed by the traditional philologies on the one hand and more vocational programmes of study on the other which seek to offer students the practical knowledge they need for the working world (e.g., 'Applied Literature'). However, antecedents can be found in the ideas of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in his vision of "world literature" (Weltliteratur) and Russian Formalists credited Alexander Veselovsky with laying the groundwork for the discipline. which excludes Tamil literature produced in countries like Sri Lanka, Malaysia The characteristically intercultural and transnational field of comparative literature concerns itself with the relation between literature, broadly defined, and other spheres of human activity, including history, politics, philosophy, art, and science. Literatureis about thedifferences,World Academic discipline comparing literature across cultures, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Comparative Literature Association, Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature, "What careers do Comparative Literature majors have? The program is based on ECNUs main campus in Shanghai. Fill in the form below and well contact you to discuss your learning options and answer any questions you may have. Comparative Literature: (Trans)national Literatures, BA, College General Education Requirements and Free Electives, Core Course 3: Capstone Seminar or Thesis, Select 1 Non-Western or Post-Colonial elective, Select 8 courses in two national literatures (4 in each), Comparative Literature: Globalization, BA, School of Engineering and Applied Science, http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/Complit/undergraduate.htm, Benjamin Franklin Seminar: History of Literary Criticism. Though its tempting to think of comparative literature as a combination of literature and cultural studies, these sentiments suggest its more than that: comparative literature is the only field that examines how different cultures put language to use. What kinds of shortcomings in translation might have an impact on the readers understanding of the culture being described? British poet, Thomas Mann a German novelist moved to the United Comparative literature is the more widely used term in the United States, with many universities having comparative literature departments or comparative literature programs. We take the steps we can to read and view cultural texts in their original languages; when we cannot, we pay careful attention to what is gained and lost in translation. Comparative literature raises the question of whether you can ever truly study a single, national literature without knowing the foreign languages that influenced it. Both are basically different but modern literary critics use them as interchangeable terms. He distinguishes between, 'Influence' and 'Reception. According to him 'Influence' should be used to denote the relations existing between finished literary products, Things At least one concentration (4 course units) must be taken in a language other than English. In this program, you will have the opportunity to explore these and related questions., The opportunity to move from the familiar Euro-American literary canons into the fresh but less well-known worlds of African and Asian literature is what attracts most students to this popular MA. [1] While most frequently practised with works of different languages, comparative literature may also be performed on works of the same language if the works originate from different nations or cultures in which that language is spoken. This eclecticism has led critics (from within and without) to charge that comparative literature is insufficiently well-defined or that comparatists too easily fall into dilettantism because the scope of their work is, of necessity, broad. Comparative literature is an academic field dealing with the study of literature and cultural expression across linguistic, national, geographic, and disciplinary boundaries. Do patterns in translation across books, over time, influence entire nations understanding of one another? William
Most comparative literature curricula teach texts that have been translated into English, while encouraging students to reach foreign texts in the original language alongside their primary reading list or minor in a foreign language.
object of comparative literature is essentially the study of considered literature cause their written in English. With German universities no longer educating their students primarily for an academic market, the necessity of a more vocational approach is becoming ever more evident".[12]. in Rachel Polonsky, English Literature and the Russian Aesthetic Renaissance [Cambridge UP, 1998. It wasnt until the later 19th century that the field was institutionalized across some European and American universities. (even translated) are World Literature. The PDF will include all information unique to this page. Yes, I would like to be contacted about special events, newsletters and program information. literature is a discipline which bears on facts common to several literatures, At the core of the concentration in Comparative Literature are courses introducing Western, East Asian, Middle Eastern and South Asian literary traditions in comparative perspective. represent three consecutive levels.
But literature and readers have both always ranged outside the boundaries of one national language. Current trends in Transnational studies also reflect the growing importance of post-colonial literary figures such as J. M. Coetzee, Maryse Cond, Earl Lovelace, V. S. Naipaul, Michael Ondaatje, Wole Soyinka, Derek Walcott, and Lasana M. Sekou. It could be Rushdie, Roth, Updike, Gaiman, Tolkien, whoever, In this program, we approach literature as a cultural medium from a comparative, theoretical perspective. Tieghem, National Literature, Comparative Literature and General Literature But fundamentally the discipline of Comparative Literature is also a practice, a habit of learning, a way of studying literature, film and culture without arbitrarily stopping at national or linguistic borders. The minimum total course units for graduation in this major is 34. Comparative Studies of the Premodern World. The field today is highly diverse: for example, comparatists routinely study Chinese literature, Arabic literature and the literatures of most other major world languages and regions as well as English and continental European literatures. In this post, well help you better understand what Comparative Literature is and why it builds the case for taking up a foreign language. Double majors may entail more course units. If youre already a lover of languages, chances are you have a deep appreciation for different cultures as well. In response to Pivato Canadian comparatists Susan Ingram and Irene Sywenky co-edited Comparative Literature in Canada: Contemporary Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Publishing in Review (2019), an initiative of the Canadian Comparative Literature Association. The names of these visiting scholars, who form a programmatic network and a methodological canon, epitomise Szondi's conception of comparative literature. The theme is a recurrent element but it is related to the subject-matter to both form and content Motif vs Theme The theme is the central idea or message where as the motif constitutes the unit from which th, RECEPTION STUDY Influence study is an attempt to trace the influence of a writer Influence Study is an attempt to trace the influence of a writer (Emitter) or for a set of writers upon another (Receiver) in the area of theme, idea, attitude, technique, etc. the sum total of the worlds national literatures, but usually it refers to the
between Comparative Literature and General Literature: Comparative Literature-
The terms "comparative literature" and "world literature" are often used to designate a similar course of study and scholarship. masterpieces of Western European literature, world literature today is nineteenth century to describe the international circulation and reception of At the same time you will have the opportunity to take courses listed or cross-listed under the Comparative Literature rubric (XL) that further hone your skills as a comparatist, such as Gender and Literature, Literary Translation, Theory of the Novel, or Literature and Empire.. One way to prevent a single culture from dominating (e.g. [7], Work considered foundational to the discipline of comparative literature include Spanish humanist Juan Andrs's work, Transylvanian Hungarian Hugo Meltzl de Lomnitz's scholarship, also the founding editor of the journal Acta Comparationis Litterarum Universarum (1877) and Irish scholar H.M. Posnett's Comparative Literature (1886). Reacting to the French School, postwar scholars, collectively termed the "American School", sought to return the field to matters more directly concerned with literary criticism, de-emphasising the detective work and detailed historical research that the French School had demanded. and by a Tamilian is accepted as National Literature. You may count no more than one course toward both a Major and a Sector requirement. So, I live in Ireland, where the lingua franca Being proficient in several languages is a worthy goal in and of itself, but comparative literature takes it a step further: How is what we achieve in these languages a reflection of the past, present, and future interests of a given culture? How much responsibility and power do translators have in this regard? [citation needed]. mean much at present, it is time for the era of world literature and everybody elements, General literature is the study
Messages get lost in translation frequently enough within a single language or culture, but across languages and cultures the picture gets even more complicated. Elements of Space, World Literature implies A concentration in Comparative Literature is an excellent foundation for further work at the graduate level. National literature is produced by the people of a state, in the