Biores Technol. Azolla pinnata was planted at 505010 cm (WLH) soil pools coated with plastic sheets. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was analyzed by combustion at 540 0C for 4 h (Abad, et al, 2002). The aim of this study was to evaluate, through different analytical techniques, the evolution of some chemical and physicochemical properties of HA-like fraction extracted from an organic amendment, like rabbit manure, handle with composting followed by vermicomposting process in comparison with soil HA, in order to reach an appropriate criterion to evaluate the maturity of an organic amendment. 112, 137-141. f-@$C:U$v9{W!b bGMq~$c`SNw {
Would you like email updates of new search results? 163, 1289-1297. 16 0 obj Analysis of humic acid from compost of urban wastes and soil by fluorescence spectroscopy. 2019 Aug 5;65(6):22-27. J. Chil Chem Soc. The titrant (HCl =0.05 mol L-1) was added from an automatic burette (Schott Gerte T80/20) at a titrant rate of 0.1 ml/40 s. This rate was chosen taking into consideration that the variation of pH values should range between 0.02 and 0.04 pH units. Peuravuori, J., Lehtonen, T., Lepane, V., Pihlaj, K. 2005. (1978). This behaviour suggests an increase in the total aliphatic C and polysaccharides at the end of vermi-composting suggesting neosynthesis in the vermi-compost (Sen and Chandra 2007). endobj endobj Total run time 20 min (for time migration higher than 20 min no significant peak were observed). <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 5 0 R>> Chai, X., Shimaoka, T., Xiaoyan, C., Qiang, G., You-cai, Z. around 5 - 6 for the carboxylic groups and 9 - 10 for the phenolic groups. (2003), which is briefly: HA solution of each samples were prepared by dissolving HA (= 50 mg) with minimum volume of NaOH solution (0.1 mol L1) and adding water up to the final volume (50 mL). The acidity strength of both classes of acidic sites in the HA-like fraction of the organic amendments is slightly weaker than the acidic groups of the HA-S. J. Colloid Interf. 156, 143-151. The ratios of absorbance at 465 nm and 665 nm gave the E4/E6 ratio (Kononova, 1982). acids extracted from soils of the Mediterranean region. John Wiley and Sons N. York. The peak positions of both peaks for HA-VMR (6 and 10 respectively) are similar than the other amendments HA analyzed indicating that the acidic strength do not change significantly along the process. The atomic ratio of O/C, H/C and N/C are often used to monitor structural changes of humic substances (Adani et al., 2006). The number of site classes is then equal to the number of peaks and the peak position could be used as an average of the apparent dissociation constant (pKaap). endstream j
9 0 obj Ecotox Environ Safe. endstream
endobj
startxref
2007. Enhancing the value of rabbit manure by Ral Moral (University Miguel Hernndez, Spain), Recent advances in artificial insemination by Pilar Viudes (Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Spain), The necessary transition of rabbit farming in Europe. Velasco, M., Campitelli, P., Ceppi, S., Havel, J. HU[o0~8bv8J]Fxb"oBYmAi;>BOQ632 CE! 23 0 obj Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 2012, 12 (4), 875-891, Characterization of humic acids derived from rabbit manure treated by composting-vermicomposting process, 'Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Crdoba, CC 509 -5000 Crdoba, Argentina. Lastly, the discussions on various soil fertility issues related to agricultural land. Senesi, N., Brunetti, G. 1996. Among these, Enterococcus was highly correlated with other genera including Morganella and Providencia. &ej9WcXxNaTFVx+a=7=*O'2TAv[*N8K+ m
endobj government site. In recent years, farmers in Codo village have developed rabbit farms. Additionally, we showed that diets such as rabbit manure induced a dysbiosis with higher loads of the pathogenic bacteria Campylobacter. endobj J of Chil Chem Soc. 0e"Vv~`QNy.v=N11uu+ You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Geo-derma. Talanta. endobj <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 5 0 R>> How to Cite: Utomo, R., Noviandi, C. T., Umami, N. & Permadi, A. The samples of HA analyzed show two main peaks, the first would be assigned to the carboxylic groups or sites (strong acidic sites) and the second to the phenolic groups (weak acidic sites). Earthworms are known to digest long chains of polysaccharides, enhancing microbial colonization and thus, changing the structure of the raw material.
]* tbxh6kvA'BV9-f5M]"04]6Q&0:;ZO+Wpt=eB;>>okpp}[4zCPu`'~0 2018 Oct;25(28):28403-28412. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2845-x. 46-48, Romero, E., Plaza, C., Senesi, N., Nogales, R., Polo, A. Denoted as: HA-TRM. The .gov means its official. Comparison of methods for evaluating stability and maturity of biosolids compost. Hence, these results suggest that rabbit manure fertiliser could be an alternative to conventional production without significant reduction in yield and with low enzymatic browning and better storability. endobj J Colloid Interf Sci. Technol. Other parameters like: moisture content, total organic carbon (TOC), humic-like substances (CHS, CHA, CFA), total nitrogen content (TN), and different methodology, have also been used to determine the state of stability and/or maturity of these materials (Lasaridi et al., 2006; Lhadi et al, 2006; Smidt and Tinter 2007; Campitelli and Ceppi 2008a; Sellami et al., 2008; Xiaowei Li et al., 2011; Pognani et al., 2011). Humic acids C (%) H(%) N(%) S(%) O(%) H/C N/C O/C Ash(%) E4/E6, HA-S 54.6 3.3 2.8 a 39.3 0.73 0.044 0.54 1.7 4.3, HA-TRM 59.5 6.9 5.6 1.4 26.6 1.39 0.081 0.33 14.1 5.2, HA-CRM 54.2 5.8 6.1 1.7 32.2 1.28 0.095 0.45 12.0 5.8, HA-VRM 50.1 5.5 5.8 1.7 36.9 1.31 0.098 0.55 11.3 5.7. a: S content (<0.3%) detected but not quantified. This encourages UIM to conduct a community service program on technology transfer regarding making solid and liquid organic fertilizers from rabbit dung in Codo Village. 2005. 73, 1838-1844. Due to the beneficial properties that would produce the HA-like fraction, the most stable fraction of the HS, their characteristics are suggested as a quality parameter (Smidt and Tinter 2007; Senesi et al, 2007). The French Example by Davi Savietto (INRAE, France), and Social networks in rabbit farming. 26 0 obj 9, 2, 134-142. Moreover, rabbit manure significantly reduced polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity. UHBG}Lg@X1v" :b-{Np;e^H&{]pa(b&w?y=~] ] J Chromatogr A. The quality of biofertilizers is usually assessed only in terms of the amount of nutrients that they supply to the crops and their lack of viable pathogens and phytotoxicity. 413, 209-214. The changes observed in the acid-base properties of the HA analyzed suggest that through the composting followed by vermicomposting process the HA-like substances are transformed to complex organic compound that resembles native soil HA (Benitez et al, 2005; Plaza et al, 2008), The principal characteristics of HA-like substances are the occurrence of acidic site with different strength, the principal groups are the strong (carboxi-lic groups) and weak (phenolic groups) acidic site. Chemical, physical and biological compost and vermicompost characterization: A chemometric study. Composted materials as organic fertilizer. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 5 0 R>> Total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the sample at thermophilic phase (TRM) was high, however, both contents decreased after the vermicomposting process (Table 1). presence of different fractions or compounds, with a low Q/m ratio, (polysaccharides, aliphatic fractions, N compound) having close electrokinetic behaviour which cannot be separated by CZE, The most important peak can be observed at time migration = 10 min with a shoulder at = 11 min and a peak with a low absorbance can be observed at = 16 min, indicating the presence of many fractions with different charge/mass ratio and thus, different electrokinetic mobility. BNGCq"E,x@%jP1ZBC9V;7 z:OrWR:VrpW`z[gp:"L20 Rgz?_FZ_qQGtXA#?fZe8 Enhancement of the biogas and biofertilizer production from Opuntia heliabravoana Scheinvar. Buffer capacity of humic acid: Thermodynamic approach. animal manures: Carbon and nitrogen transformations in the evaluation of compost stability. E4/ E6 ratio provide interesting information if it is used to compare data of humic acids extracted from the same matrix, like a manure handle with a sequence of treatments (composting followed by vermicompos-ting).
Potentiometric titrations were carried out according to the technique proposed by Campitelli et al. The strength of the carboxylic groups is practically the same as the HA-TRM but the buffer capacity increases about twofold in comparison with HA-TRM. >sBg|A Br]e fyR@~wwo$9T Wq+Q%O(Nm1GK-ZP2CqfV!Jr>+N~'z;t^QlXP G[QeJSJ00ttt400 If$ Lr$0f If !!6fj 2I \ f%X The success in compost and/or vermicompost application is based on the use of reliable criteria for testing compost stability and maturity.
Environ Sci Technol. The HA samples used in this work were: - HA extracted from an Entic Haplustol of Province of Cordoba, Argentina. The AH charge development, the acidic groups content and thus the buffer capacity, increase as the time of process increase. The Science of composting. 10 0 obj Soil and organic amendments were analyzed by chemical properties. In the range between pH 8-10 Ritchie and Perdeu (2003) considered that a half of the phenolic groups are titrated. endobj The treatments consisted of T0 (chicken manure biofertilizer as control), T1 (biochar), and T2 (biochar + rabbit manure biofertilizer). It could be concluded that the combination of biochar and rabbit manure biofertilizer gives the optimal result in the growth of Indigofera. The pH values were measured with an Orion Research 901 pH meter equipped with a glass-combined electrode (Orion 9103 BN). The current study aims at determining the optimal usage conditions of rabbit manure in a multispecies fresh water algae production for fish farming. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Talanta. HUo6>JCHej[,Hb2/uuhE96M>{|G 5\l9?.?GqIcNKYr:6 QZ~Q]C>YrKC0+(R:FKIPVtSd+DnfPlXL6]hY4qc( &hV6bX CxJU^^*E) sJ5ie.S|4H\z o3u,Ag@$Z}2]3X3Wu_/iK(T Zf1/~::A4Vmw7'tYJoF;cH,X4D-2sD}#e:r]f?H5^L'Bas^COD$ZVP{U Koopal, L.K., Saito, T., Pinheiro, J. P., van Riemsdijk, W. H., 2005. Through the composting followed by vermicomposting process the HA-like fraction are evolving toward more stable and complex macromolecule resembling native soil HA. Simplified colorimetric determination of soil organic matter. Based on the results, it can be concluded that to dispose of the animal excrement of this farm, it is necessary to build a biogas plant with a bioreactor of volume 102.2 m3 and an engine with a power of 12 to 31 kW. Heterogeneity analysis for binding data using adapted smoothing spline techniques. X. Vall-llossera, J. Voltas, M. Pujol, M. Soliva. Soc. Some of these methodologies and techniques are: elemental and functional group analyses, spectroscopic measurements such as UV-Vis, FTIR and 13CNMR, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), potentiometrics titrations, thermal analyses, fluorescence spectroscopy, among others, (Velasco et al, 2004; Pietro and Castaldi 2004; Peuravuori et al., 2004: Ceppi et al, 2005; Lgui-rati et al., 2005; Peuravuori et al., 2005; Campitelli et al, 2006; Lhadi et al, 2006; Grube et al, 2006; Senesi et al., 2007; Sen and Chandra 2007; Smidt and Tinter 2007; Plaza et al., 2008; Sellami et al, 2008; Campitelli and Ceppi 2008a; Fernandez et al., 2008; Vanifa-tova et al., 2008; Xiaowei Li et al., 2011; d'Orlye and Reiller 2012). 27, 424-429. This tendency indicate that during this period of the process (first 90 days) occur the principal changes in this physicochemical property in the HA macromolecule, and suggest that during the composting phase take place the most important oxidative process. r\a W+s ] t%JU[sssssssssssE:d=(zPAe=(zPAcglp6:glp6:%[}l)m>iMy?m?=~p^_ I? Compared with conventional fertiliser and other organic treatments, plots receiving rabbit manure showed a lower weight loss and microbial load on fresh lettuce head. Campitelli, P., Ceppi, S. 2008b Effects of composting technologies on the chemical and physicochemi-cal properties of humic acids. Biores Technol. The charge development of HA isolated from the different ages of the organic amendment (HA-TRM, HA-CRM and HA-VRM) are lower than that of HA-S and increase with process time. Environ Sci Technol. During the composting process the thermophilic phase took place for 30 days, the process was carried out for 60 days more (maturation phase), (90 days was the final age for the composting process). Chemosphere. Harvesting was done every 14 days. Therefore, one of the most appropriate and reliable criteria to evaluate maturity of any organic amendment should be based on the analysis of chemical and physicochemical properties of HS-like components, i.e. Campitelli, P,A., Velasco, M,I., Ceppi, S,B. Therefore, a better understanding of the structures evolution of HS is necessary in order to comprehend the natural process occurring along the maturation process (Fuentes et al., 2006; Romero et al., 2007). BGE was buffer borate 20 mmol L-1 at pH=9.3, the concentration of the HA solutions were 1000 ppm. This community service activity was initiated in AugustNovember 2019 and successfully carried out with the help of students as facilitators. The electropherograms of all HA-like fraction analyzed shown one principal peak at = 10 min, suggesting that this would be a main structure which behaves as sink of the other carbon compounds present in the raw material, and in this way leads the HA-like fraction toward a supramolecular structure similar to HA extracted from natural soil. During the vermicompos-ting period, the HA-VRM charge development increases about 20-25 %, indicating different pathway in the stabilization-maturation process of the organic matter. ny4Wn1Li#^Qgs'=SY'&YN`S]Crz)-M~hbT,Lb6lm& HA-VRM shows an electropherogram pattern in which can be observed clearly one peak at a migration time of 10 min, with a smaller absorbance than that observed for HA-S and the width peak is similar to HA-S (Figure 2). The combination of composting and vermicomposting has recently been considered as a way of achieving stabilized substrates. endobj Soil and each organic amendment (TRM, CRM, and VRM) composite samples were air-dried, crushed and passed through a 2 mm sieves before all the analytical analysis. Vanifatova, N.G., Zavarzina, A.G., Spivakov, B.Y. Enter the password that accompanies your e-mail or user number. In: de Bertoldi M. et al. The ratio CHA/CFA (Table 1), also known as "degree of polymerization or polymerization index", increase during the composting process (90 days), reflecting the formation of complex molecules (CHA) from simpler one (CFA) and the occurrence of synthesis of organic compounds resistant to microbial degradation (Plaza et al, 2008). This purpose, the experimental design is made of six treatments in triplicate including one control T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 corresponding respectively to 0, 300, 600, 900, 1200, 1500 g/m3 of dry rabbit manure put into buckets containing 40 L of demineralized water and then fertilized. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 5 0 R>> 8 0 obj It was found that the specific biogas yield from the droppings of broilers, laying hens, rabbits, sheep, and horses, and from corn silage were, respectively, 456, 363, 390, 189, 116 and 618 ml/g DM. 1995 Feb;61(2):793-6 Copyright 2022 International Society for Horticultural Science. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 5 0 R>> An aliquot containing the desired amount of HA (=7-8 mg) was transferred to the titration flask containing 10 mL of tridistilled water. 80, 58-65. The decreasing in C/N ratio (Table, 1) during the composting process and the slightly variation in the vermicomposting phase indicate the development of the raw material towards a maturity state, suggested also through the increasing in the % CHS content (Table 1). 1994. He, Z., Ohno, T., Olk, D.C., Wu, F. 2010. A review of composting as a management alternative for beef cattle feedlot manure in southern Alberta, Canada. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Epub 2019 May 16. Abad, M., Noguera, P., Puchades, R., Maqueira, A., Noguera, V. 2002 Physico-chemical properties of some coconut coir dusts for use as a peat substitute for containerised ornamental plants. 56, 8-16. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. 2019 Sep 10;682:475-484. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.123. Acta Hortic. The HA showed, also, a small or developing peaks at more acidic pH values (< 4), indicating, probably, a presence of stronger acidic sites. At the beginning of daily work, the capillary was washed for 5 min with 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH solution, followed by 5 min washing with ultra pure water and 20 min with BGE at 25oC and 104 Pa. At the end of the daily work, the capillary was rinsed with BGE for 5 min and water for 10 min, at the same temperature and pressure condition. SOME ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF WATER MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZING FARM WASTE AT THE WESTERN DESERT OF EGYPT. ; 28, 813-820. To maintain the acidity of the media, 10% (2 kg) of sludge fields was added to each pond. 8_fr.`VGm}iGv]/_kA S-~8|@tEt#XXNi\k?iy3b:1P;,QZOk*Hv9&aG\5)>R]##||BIREIG=:ZAE T0u6FECel>12&l #?iet+:cq*:{WW\g!d?" This behaviour could be due since the vermicomposting led to homogeneous degradation of all types of C compounds, with no selective accumulation of any preferential form, and thus increase the total extractable organic C in alkaline solution (Sen and Chandra 2007; Plaza et al, 2008). Azolla pinnata contains a high nutritional value with a high protein content of 25%, so it can be used as an alternative to animal feed. endstream endobj 172 0 obj <>stream The elemental analysis, H/C, N/C, O/C, ash content and E4/E6 ratio are shown in Table 2. Among the compost treatments, the crude protein content of K1 and K2 were higher than K0 and K3 (25.34 and 26.25 vs. 13.11 and 22.96%, respectively; p<0.01). Also, application T2 enhanced growth vegetative Indigofera started at 7 weeks of age (35th days after planting). 0 2004. Colloid surface A: Physicochem Eng Aspects. Between the both first peak (5.6 and 9.7 min respectively) could be distinguish numerous peaks without a correct resolution, indicating the. R%YbmJRAHRHUzO;,ksr=}x5KR#3' Gk@z&$EZ$+Z[0k0A08a`p 1y&&L31*ZV<>)>Oy|S|"zz The chemical heterogeneity of the HA like fraction decrease with the time of process. The decreasing in this fraction (%CHA) could, be produced, also, for the lixiviation of some hydro-solubles organic compound due to the high moisture content during this phase of the total process. The HA extracted after the composting phase (HA-CRM) shows a decrease of the ratio H/C in comparison with HA-TRM, probably due to a loss of aliphatic chains, initially present in HA-TRM. Emami T, Mirzaeiheydari M, Maleki A, Bazgir M. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 302, 153-168, International Society for Horticultural Science, https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1992.302.15, International Symposium on Compost Recycling of Wastes, Division Protected Cultivation and Soilless Culture, Division Precision Horticulture and Engineering, 302_2 CONTENTS OF HEAVY METALS IN COMPOST FROM SOURCE SEPARATED WASTE IN DENMARK - EXAMINATION OF SAMPLING RELIABILITY, 302_3 A COMPOSTING PLANT AS AN ODOUR SOURCE, COMPOST AS AN ODOUR KILLER, 302_4 QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF SEPARATELY COLLECTED BIOWASTE IN WEST GERMANY. Co-composting of sludge from olive mill waste water mixed with tree cuttings. 2011. 1 min. Biocycle March. In general, the total acidity increase about 7080% during the composting period and about 20-25% in the vermicomposting phase. Does mycorrhiza improve salinity tolerance in grafted plants? Lorely F1) to AMF Inoculation with Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer, The effect of municipal solid waste compost, peat, perlite and vermicompost on tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) growth and yield in a hydroponic system, Inter J of recycling of organic waste in agriculture. Each HA electropherogram was carried out by triplicate and the reported data representing the average values. It seems that the earthworm produces a final product with some homogeneity between both fraction content (CHA and CFA) (Table 1) (Sen and Chandra 2007; Sellami et al, 2008). J Chromatogr A. and transmitted securely. Our results indicated that all sources of organic fertiliser significantly increased total nitrogen, organic carbon, total fungi, and bacteria contents of soils compared with mineral fertiliser. The scattering of monochromatic light in a diluted solution of macromolecules or colloidal particles is closely related to weight, size and interaction of particles in solution, the value of the quotient, E4/ E6, suggest the aggregation level, with higher values indicating a more aggregated humic macromolecule (Chen et al, 1977; Pertusatti and Prado, 2007). This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Pile moisture was controlled weekly by adding enough water to obtain moisture content not less than 50 % in composting phase. Effects of different fertilizers on growth and nutrient uptake of Lolium multiflorum grown in Cd-contaminated soils. Benitez, E., Sainz, H., Nogales, R., 2005. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 5 0 R>> 2016 May;42(3):439-53. doi: 10.3109/1040841X.2014.958433. 2009. Campitelli, P., Ceppi, S. 2008a. At the experimental condition (pH = 9) almost all acidic groups of HA are deprotonated (negatively charged). Second, the counseling about the importance of using organic fertilizers for soil fertility. 368, 231-240, Droussi, Z., D'Orazio, V., Hafidi, M., Ouatmane, A. Control plots were fertilised with recommended rates of mineral fertiliser (150: 45: 65 kg/ha NPK) and the other treatments were 15 t/ha compost, 10 t/ha rabbit manure, and 10 t/ha chicken manure. However, the increasing number of rabbit breeders raises new problems, namely the abundance of rabbit dung. 2007. 2005 Jun;96(9):1029-38 Table 1: Chemical characteristics of soil and organic amendments at the different time of the process. Lhadi, E.K., Tazi, H., Aylaj, M., Genevini, P.L., Adani, F. 2006. endobj b: Apparent proton-affinity distribution of humic acids extracted from rabbit manure at thermophilic phase (HA-TRM) treated with composting (HA-CRM) followed by vermicomposting process (HA-VRM) and soil (HA-S) obtained from the first derivatives through charge-pH curves [d(-Q)/d (pH)] smoothing with sixth degree polynomial equation through the experimental data in the range of 3-10. ceous materials, polysaccharides and compounds not degraded during both process. 2008. Soil and organic amendments were analyzed for pH at a rate 1:2.5 (w:v) and 1:5 (w:v) respectively. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 5 0 R>> Kaushik, P., Garg, V.K. Compost Sci Util 13, 3, 217-226.
For these HA analyzed the average Pkapp value are. The carbon content of humic substances (CHS), humic acids (CHA) and fulvic acids (CFA) were determined according to the technique proposed by Syms and Haby (1971). Both maxima are higher and narrower than those observed for HA-TRM, indicating that the content of both acidic site increases significantly through this period of the process (90 days) and have a lower chemical heterogeneity and more diffe-. pKaap values obtained by Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. }w/viyZ!tRsd ;8e%i)'"Ef/>(NdqN0|L?~+%\9E*> &|, "y,jDI@ `xL $3 e#'eSHf16Xuf@V>ucD;J!oPW* Y^-Y4mR9T !|DOM,@!
]* tbxh6kvA'BV9-f5M]"04]6Q&0:;ZO+Wpt=eB;>>okpp}[4zCPu`'~0 2018 Oct;25(28):28403-28412. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2845-x. 46-48, Romero, E., Plaza, C., Senesi, N., Nogales, R., Polo, A. Denoted as: HA-TRM. The .gov means its official. Comparison of methods for evaluating stability and maturity of biosolids compost. Hence, these results suggest that rabbit manure fertiliser could be an alternative to conventional production without significant reduction in yield and with low enzymatic browning and better storability. endobj J Colloid Interf Sci. Technol. Other parameters like: moisture content, total organic carbon (TOC), humic-like substances (CHS, CHA, CFA), total nitrogen content (TN), and different methodology, have also been used to determine the state of stability and/or maturity of these materials (Lasaridi et al., 2006; Lhadi et al, 2006; Smidt and Tinter 2007; Campitelli and Ceppi 2008a; Sellami et al., 2008; Xiaowei Li et al., 2011; Pognani et al., 2011). Humic acids C (%) H(%) N(%) S(%) O(%) H/C N/C O/C Ash(%) E4/E6, HA-S 54.6 3.3 2.8 a 39.3 0.73 0.044 0.54 1.7 4.3, HA-TRM 59.5 6.9 5.6 1.4 26.6 1.39 0.081 0.33 14.1 5.2, HA-CRM 54.2 5.8 6.1 1.7 32.2 1.28 0.095 0.45 12.0 5.8, HA-VRM 50.1 5.5 5.8 1.7 36.9 1.31 0.098 0.55 11.3 5.7. a: S content (<0.3%) detected but not quantified. This encourages UIM to conduct a community service program on technology transfer regarding making solid and liquid organic fertilizers from rabbit dung in Codo Village. 2005. 73, 1838-1844. Due to the beneficial properties that would produce the HA-like fraction, the most stable fraction of the HS, their characteristics are suggested as a quality parameter (Smidt and Tinter 2007; Senesi et al, 2007). The French Example by Davi Savietto (INRAE, France), and Social networks in rabbit farming. 26 0 obj 9, 2, 134-142. Moreover, rabbit manure significantly reduced polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity. UHBG}Lg@X1v" :b-{Np;e^H&{]pa(b&w?y=~] ] J Chromatogr A. The quality of biofertilizers is usually assessed only in terms of the amount of nutrients that they supply to the crops and their lack of viable pathogens and phytotoxicity. 413, 209-214. The changes observed in the acid-base properties of the HA analyzed suggest that through the composting followed by vermicomposting process the HA-like substances are transformed to complex organic compound that resembles native soil HA (Benitez et al, 2005; Plaza et al, 2008), The principal characteristics of HA-like substances are the occurrence of acidic site with different strength, the principal groups are the strong (carboxi-lic groups) and weak (phenolic groups) acidic site. Chemical, physical and biological compost and vermicompost characterization: A chemometric study. Composted materials as organic fertilizer. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 5 0 R>> Total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the sample at thermophilic phase (TRM) was high, however, both contents decreased after the vermicomposting process (Table 1). presence of different fractions or compounds, with a low Q/m ratio, (polysaccharides, aliphatic fractions, N compound) having close electrokinetic behaviour which cannot be separated by CZE, The most important peak can be observed at time migration = 10 min with a shoulder at = 11 min and a peak with a low absorbance can be observed at = 16 min, indicating the presence of many fractions with different charge/mass ratio and thus, different electrokinetic mobility. BNGCq"E,x@%jP1ZBC9V;7 z:OrWR:VrpW`z[gp:"L20 Rgz?_FZ_qQGtXA#?fZe8 Enhancement of the biogas and biofertilizer production from Opuntia heliabravoana Scheinvar. Buffer capacity of humic acid: Thermodynamic approach. animal manures: Carbon and nitrogen transformations in the evaluation of compost stability. E4/ E6 ratio provide interesting information if it is used to compare data of humic acids extracted from the same matrix, like a manure handle with a sequence of treatments (composting followed by vermicompos-ting).
Potentiometric titrations were carried out according to the technique proposed by Campitelli et al. The strength of the carboxylic groups is practically the same as the HA-TRM but the buffer capacity increases about twofold in comparison with HA-TRM. >sBg|A Br]e fyR@~wwo$9T Wq+Q%O(Nm1GK-ZP2CqfV!Jr>+N~'z;t^QlXP G[QeJSJ00ttt400 If$ Lr$0f If !!6fj 2I \ f%X The success in compost and/or vermicompost application is based on the use of reliable criteria for testing compost stability and maturity.
Environ Sci Technol. The HA samples used in this work were: - HA extracted from an Entic Haplustol of Province of Cordoba, Argentina. The AH charge development, the acidic groups content and thus the buffer capacity, increase as the time of process increase. The Science of composting. 10 0 obj Soil and organic amendments were analyzed by chemical properties. In the range between pH 8-10 Ritchie and Perdeu (2003) considered that a half of the phenolic groups are titrated. endobj The treatments consisted of T0 (chicken manure biofertilizer as control), T1 (biochar), and T2 (biochar + rabbit manure biofertilizer). It could be concluded that the combination of biochar and rabbit manure biofertilizer gives the optimal result in the growth of Indigofera. The pH values were measured with an Orion Research 901 pH meter equipped with a glass-combined electrode (Orion 9103 BN). The current study aims at determining the optimal usage conditions of rabbit manure in a multispecies fresh water algae production for fish farming. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Talanta. HUo6>JCHej[,Hb2/uuhE96M>{|G 5\l9?.?GqIcNKYr:6 QZ~Q]C>YrKC0+(R:FKIPVtSd+DnfPlXL6]hY4qc( &hV6bX CxJU^^*E) sJ5ie.S|4H\z o3u,Ag@$Z}2]3X3Wu_/iK(T Zf1/~::A4Vmw7'tYJoF;cH,X4D-2sD}#e:r]f?H5^L'Bas^COD$ZVP{U Koopal, L.K., Saito, T., Pinheiro, J. P., van Riemsdijk, W. H., 2005. Through the composting followed by vermicomposting process the HA-like fraction are evolving toward more stable and complex macromolecule resembling native soil HA. Simplified colorimetric determination of soil organic matter. Based on the results, it can be concluded that to dispose of the animal excrement of this farm, it is necessary to build a biogas plant with a bioreactor of volume 102.2 m3 and an engine with a power of 12 to 31 kW. Heterogeneity analysis for binding data using adapted smoothing spline techniques. X. Vall-llossera, J. Voltas, M. Pujol, M. Soliva. Soc. Some of these methodologies and techniques are: elemental and functional group analyses, spectroscopic measurements such as UV-Vis, FTIR and 13CNMR, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), potentiometrics titrations, thermal analyses, fluorescence spectroscopy, among others, (Velasco et al, 2004; Pietro and Castaldi 2004; Peuravuori et al., 2004: Ceppi et al, 2005; Lgui-rati et al., 2005; Peuravuori et al., 2005; Campitelli et al, 2006; Lhadi et al, 2006; Grube et al, 2006; Senesi et al., 2007; Sen and Chandra 2007; Smidt and Tinter 2007; Plaza et al., 2008; Sellami et al, 2008; Campitelli and Ceppi 2008a; Fernandez et al., 2008; Vanifa-tova et al., 2008; Xiaowei Li et al., 2011; d'Orlye and Reiller 2012). 27, 424-429. This tendency indicate that during this period of the process (first 90 days) occur the principal changes in this physicochemical property in the HA macromolecule, and suggest that during the composting phase take place the most important oxidative process. r\a W+s ] t%JU[sssssssssssE:d=(zPAe=(zPAcglp6:glp6:%[}l)m>iMy?m?=~p^_ I? Compared with conventional fertiliser and other organic treatments, plots receiving rabbit manure showed a lower weight loss and microbial load on fresh lettuce head. Campitelli, P., Ceppi, S. 2008b Effects of composting technologies on the chemical and physicochemi-cal properties of humic acids. Biores Technol. The charge development of HA isolated from the different ages of the organic amendment (HA-TRM, HA-CRM and HA-VRM) are lower than that of HA-S and increase with process time. Environ Sci Technol. During the composting process the thermophilic phase took place for 30 days, the process was carried out for 60 days more (maturation phase), (90 days was the final age for the composting process). Chemosphere. Harvesting was done every 14 days. Therefore, one of the most appropriate and reliable criteria to evaluate maturity of any organic amendment should be based on the analysis of chemical and physicochemical properties of HS-like components, i.e. Campitelli, P,A., Velasco, M,I., Ceppi, S,B. Therefore, a better understanding of the structures evolution of HS is necessary in order to comprehend the natural process occurring along the maturation process (Fuentes et al., 2006; Romero et al., 2007). BGE was buffer borate 20 mmol L-1 at pH=9.3, the concentration of the HA solutions were 1000 ppm. This community service activity was initiated in AugustNovember 2019 and successfully carried out with the help of students as facilitators. The electropherograms of all HA-like fraction analyzed shown one principal peak at = 10 min, suggesting that this would be a main structure which behaves as sink of the other carbon compounds present in the raw material, and in this way leads the HA-like fraction toward a supramolecular structure similar to HA extracted from natural soil. During the vermicompos-ting period, the HA-VRM charge development increases about 20-25 %, indicating different pathway in the stabilization-maturation process of the organic matter. ny4Wn1Li#^Qgs'=SY'&YN`S]Crz)-M~hbT,Lb6lm& HA-VRM shows an electropherogram pattern in which can be observed clearly one peak at a migration time of 10 min, with a smaller absorbance than that observed for HA-S and the width peak is similar to HA-S (Figure 2). The combination of composting and vermicomposting has recently been considered as a way of achieving stabilized substrates. endobj Soil and each organic amendment (TRM, CRM, and VRM) composite samples were air-dried, crushed and passed through a 2 mm sieves before all the analytical analysis. Vanifatova, N.G., Zavarzina, A.G., Spivakov, B.Y. Enter the password that accompanies your e-mail or user number. In: de Bertoldi M. et al. The ratio CHA/CFA (Table 1), also known as "degree of polymerization or polymerization index", increase during the composting process (90 days), reflecting the formation of complex molecules (CHA) from simpler one (CFA) and the occurrence of synthesis of organic compounds resistant to microbial degradation (Plaza et al, 2008). This purpose, the experimental design is made of six treatments in triplicate including one control T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 corresponding respectively to 0, 300, 600, 900, 1200, 1500 g/m3 of dry rabbit manure put into buckets containing 40 L of demineralized water and then fertilized. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 5 0 R>> 8 0 obj It was found that the specific biogas yield from the droppings of broilers, laying hens, rabbits, sheep, and horses, and from corn silage were, respectively, 456, 363, 390, 189, 116 and 618 ml/g DM. 1995 Feb;61(2):793-6 Copyright 2022 International Society for Horticultural Science. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 5 0 R>> An aliquot containing the desired amount of HA (=7-8 mg) was transferred to the titration flask containing 10 mL of tridistilled water. 80, 58-65. The decreasing in C/N ratio (Table, 1) during the composting process and the slightly variation in the vermicomposting phase indicate the development of the raw material towards a maturity state, suggested also through the increasing in the % CHS content (Table 1). 1994. He, Z., Ohno, T., Olk, D.C., Wu, F. 2010. A review of composting as a management alternative for beef cattle feedlot manure in southern Alberta, Canada. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Epub 2019 May 16. Abad, M., Noguera, P., Puchades, R., Maqueira, A., Noguera, V. 2002 Physico-chemical properties of some coconut coir dusts for use as a peat substitute for containerised ornamental plants. 56, 8-16. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. 2019 Sep 10;682:475-484. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.123. Acta Hortic. The HA showed, also, a small or developing peaks at more acidic pH values (< 4), indicating, probably, a presence of stronger acidic sites. At the beginning of daily work, the capillary was washed for 5 min with 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH solution, followed by 5 min washing with ultra pure water and 20 min with BGE at 25oC and 104 Pa. At the end of the daily work, the capillary was rinsed with BGE for 5 min and water for 10 min, at the same temperature and pressure condition. SOME ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF WATER MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZING FARM WASTE AT THE WESTERN DESERT OF EGYPT. ; 28, 813-820. To maintain the acidity of the media, 10% (2 kg) of sludge fields was added to each pond. 8_fr.`VGm}iGv]/_kA S-~8|@tEt#XXNi\k?iy3b:1P;,QZOk*Hv9&aG\5)>R]##||BIREIG=:ZAE T0u6FECel>12&l #?iet+:cq*:{WW\g!d?" This behaviour could be due since the vermicomposting led to homogeneous degradation of all types of C compounds, with no selective accumulation of any preferential form, and thus increase the total extractable organic C in alkaline solution (Sen and Chandra 2007; Plaza et al, 2008). Azolla pinnata contains a high nutritional value with a high protein content of 25%, so it can be used as an alternative to animal feed. endstream endobj 172 0 obj <>stream The elemental analysis, H/C, N/C, O/C, ash content and E4/E6 ratio are shown in Table 2. Among the compost treatments, the crude protein content of K1 and K2 were higher than K0 and K3 (25.34 and 26.25 vs. 13.11 and 22.96%, respectively; p<0.01). Also, application T2 enhanced growth vegetative Indigofera started at 7 weeks of age (35th days after planting). 0 2004. Colloid surface A: Physicochem Eng Aspects. Between the both first peak (5.6 and 9.7 min respectively) could be distinguish numerous peaks without a correct resolution, indicating the. R%YbmJRAHRHUzO;,ksr=}x5KR#3' Gk@z&$EZ$+Z[0k0A08a`p 1y&&L31*ZV<>)>Oy|S|"zz The chemical heterogeneity of the HA like fraction decrease with the time of process. The decreasing in this fraction (%CHA) could, be produced, also, for the lixiviation of some hydro-solubles organic compound due to the high moisture content during this phase of the total process. The HA extracted after the composting phase (HA-CRM) shows a decrease of the ratio H/C in comparison with HA-TRM, probably due to a loss of aliphatic chains, initially present in HA-TRM. Emami T, Mirzaeiheydari M, Maleki A, Bazgir M. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 302, 153-168, International Society for Horticultural Science, https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1992.302.15, International Symposium on Compost Recycling of Wastes, Division Protected Cultivation and Soilless Culture, Division Precision Horticulture and Engineering, 302_2 CONTENTS OF HEAVY METALS IN COMPOST FROM SOURCE SEPARATED WASTE IN DENMARK - EXAMINATION OF SAMPLING RELIABILITY, 302_3 A COMPOSTING PLANT AS AN ODOUR SOURCE, COMPOST AS AN ODOUR KILLER, 302_4 QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF SEPARATELY COLLECTED BIOWASTE IN WEST GERMANY. Co-composting of sludge from olive mill waste water mixed with tree cuttings. 2011. 1 min. Biocycle March. In general, the total acidity increase about 7080% during the composting period and about 20-25% in the vermicomposting phase. Does mycorrhiza improve salinity tolerance in grafted plants? Lorely F1) to AMF Inoculation with Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer, The effect of municipal solid waste compost, peat, perlite and vermicompost on tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) growth and yield in a hydroponic system, Inter J of recycling of organic waste in agriculture. Each HA electropherogram was carried out by triplicate and the reported data representing the average values. It seems that the earthworm produces a final product with some homogeneity between both fraction content (CHA and CFA) (Table 1) (Sen and Chandra 2007; Sellami et al, 2008). J Chromatogr A. and transmitted securely. Our results indicated that all sources of organic fertiliser significantly increased total nitrogen, organic carbon, total fungi, and bacteria contents of soils compared with mineral fertiliser. The scattering of monochromatic light in a diluted solution of macromolecules or colloidal particles is closely related to weight, size and interaction of particles in solution, the value of the quotient, E4/ E6, suggest the aggregation level, with higher values indicating a more aggregated humic macromolecule (Chen et al, 1977; Pertusatti and Prado, 2007). This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Pile moisture was controlled weekly by adding enough water to obtain moisture content not less than 50 % in composting phase. Effects of different fertilizers on growth and nutrient uptake of Lolium multiflorum grown in Cd-contaminated soils. Benitez, E., Sainz, H., Nogales, R., 2005. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 5 0 R>> 2016 May;42(3):439-53. doi: 10.3109/1040841X.2014.958433. 2009. Campitelli, P., Ceppi, S. 2008a. At the experimental condition (pH = 9) almost all acidic groups of HA are deprotonated (negatively charged). Second, the counseling about the importance of using organic fertilizers for soil fertility. 368, 231-240, Droussi, Z., D'Orazio, V., Hafidi, M., Ouatmane, A. Control plots were fertilised with recommended rates of mineral fertiliser (150: 45: 65 kg/ha NPK) and the other treatments were 15 t/ha compost, 10 t/ha rabbit manure, and 10 t/ha chicken manure. However, the increasing number of rabbit breeders raises new problems, namely the abundance of rabbit dung. 2007. 2005 Jun;96(9):1029-38 Table 1: Chemical characteristics of soil and organic amendments at the different time of the process. Lhadi, E.K., Tazi, H., Aylaj, M., Genevini, P.L., Adani, F. 2006. endobj b: Apparent proton-affinity distribution of humic acids extracted from rabbit manure at thermophilic phase (HA-TRM) treated with composting (HA-CRM) followed by vermicomposting process (HA-VRM) and soil (HA-S) obtained from the first derivatives through charge-pH curves [d(-Q)/d (pH)] smoothing with sixth degree polynomial equation through the experimental data in the range of 3-10. ceous materials, polysaccharides and compounds not degraded during both process. 2008. Soil and organic amendments were analyzed for pH at a rate 1:2.5 (w:v) and 1:5 (w:v) respectively. <>/Border[0 0 0]/P 5 0 R>> Kaushik, P., Garg, V.K. Compost Sci Util 13, 3, 217-226.
For these HA analyzed the average Pkapp value are. The carbon content of humic substances (CHS), humic acids (CHA) and fulvic acids (CFA) were determined according to the technique proposed by Syms and Haby (1971). Both maxima are higher and narrower than those observed for HA-TRM, indicating that the content of both acidic site increases significantly through this period of the process (90 days) and have a lower chemical heterogeneity and more diffe-. pKaap values obtained by Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. }w/viyZ!tRsd ;8e%i)'"Ef/>(NdqN0|L?~+%\9E*> &|, "y,jDI@ `xL $3 e#'eSHf16Xuf@V>ucD;J!oPW* Y^-Y4mR9T !|DOM,@!