", Recommended Values are 2000Mohms for HV & 500 Mohms for LV. "name": "DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER", "description": "3.Seperate source voltage withstand test (High Voltage tests on HV & LV)- This test checks the insulation property between Primary to earth, Secondary to earth and between Primary & Secondary.

}, 15

"name": "", "width": "800" }, 24 }, 18 { ", Measures the insulation resistance of HV & LV windings with respect to earth (body) and between LV & HV winding. Buchholz Relay. "width": "800" Incomplete drying. Equipment used : Digital resistance meter. "@type": "ImageObject", }, 8 "@context": "http://schema.org", If it is correct , then the voltage ratio is assumed to be correct. 9.MINING TRANSFORMER. ", { "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/3970542/13/images/22/ROUTINE+TESTS+2.Measurement+of+insulation+resistance.jpg", "name": "", "@context": "http://schema.org", 10.PHASE SHIFTING TRANSFORMER. Equipment used : Turns Ratiometer. Sludge, dust, dirt ,moisture can be removed by filtration. "width": "800" ABSTRACT: Electricity is a form a energy and is playing vital role in the world. Insulation resistance of the transformer should be checked once in 6 months. { "description": "Sludge, dust, dirt ,moisture can be removed by filtration. The transformer should also withstand the routine tests after the short circuit test. ROUTINE TESTS 7.Measurement of LOAD LOSS & IMPEDENCE. Oil Temperature Indicators. Equipment used : High Voltage tester ( 100KV & 3KV)", Unbalanced loading. After failure , transformer is removed and replaced with new/repaired one without removing the cause of failure which results in immediate or short time failure. The LV is short circuited. }, 41

2.Measurement of insulation resistance. IS-2026 is the NATIONAL I S STANDARD. "width": "800" "@type": "ImageObject", DRAIN PLUG. "@type": "ImageObject", }, 23 }, 7 { This induces 22KV on 11KV side. Transformer is the heart of any power system. "name": "", "@context": "http://schema.org", "name": "ROUTINE TESTS 7.Measurement of LOAD LOSS & IMPEDENCE. Similarly no wave form distortion. { }, 33 {

Cleanliness in the Substation yard with all nets, vines, shrubs removed. "@type": "ImageObject", Periodic checking of any loose connections of the terminations of HV & LV side. Explosion Vent. }, 20 DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER. "@context": "http://schema.org", MAINTENANCE OF TRANSFORMERTransformer is the heart of any power system. Faulty Termination (Improper sized lugs etc) Power Theft. "description": "", { "@context": "http://schema.org", ", ", { "name": "TYPES OF TRANSFORMER BY APPLICATION", Thank you! Faulty operation of tap changer switch.

The frequency of the 866V supply is also increased to 100HZ. { INSULATION TESTER OR MEGGER IS USED. { Cleanliness in the Substation yard with all nets, vines, shrubs removed. "width": "800" One impulse of a reduced voltage between 50 to 75% of the full test voltage and subsequent three impulses at full voltage. "name": "TYPE TESTS LIGHTENING IMPULSE TEST", ", 7.Measurement of LOAD LOSS & IMPEDENCE. HV terminals are connected to the supply bus of the testing plant. { Single Phase loading. "name": "", "width": "800" PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMERSThe best way of protecting a transformer is to have good preventive maintenance schedule. { Explosion Vent. Bad insulation covering. ", Faulty Termination (Improper sized lugs etc) Power Theft. (EFFICIENCY & REGULATION)", "name": "", "@type": "ImageObject", "@type": "ImageObject", FAILURES & CAUSES Insufficient Oil level. "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/13/3970542/slides/slide_31.jpg", }, 2 ",

}, 38 glass pot. Modified over 7 years ago, 1 nirob chowdhury dhilon FAILURES & CAUSES Faulty design Poor WorkmanshipImproper formation of core. "width": "800" 25,63,100,160,200,250,315,400,500,630,750 , 1000 , 1250,1500,2000,2500 KVA. PRIMARY IS DELTA CONNECTED AND SECONDARY IS STAR CONNECTED. Using this principle, the turns ratio is measured with the help of a turns ratio meter. }, 17 Equipment used : Wattmeters or power analyser. "description": "Breather examination. Oil level checking. ROUTINE TESTS 3.Seperate source voltage withstand test (High Voltage tests on HV & LV)- This test checks the insulation property between Primary to earth, Secondary to earth and between Primary & Secondary. "@type": "ImageObject", Supply is made on and closed after specified duration of short circuit. "description": "HT fuse & D.O. BDV, Color and smell of oil are indicative. "name": "ROUTINE TESTS 8.Vector Group Verification test", "width": "800" "@context": "http://schema.org", 2000Mohms for HV & 500 Mohms for LV. Improper core bolt insulation. "@context": "http://schema.org", To use this website, you must agree to our. ROUTINE TESTS Oil BDV TEST.Oil breakdown voltage is checked as per IS-335. }, 16 The reactance of the winding measured before and after the S.C. test should not vary beyond the limits stated in the IS2026. }, 28 "width": "800" HV terminals are connected to the supply bus of the testing plant. "@context": "http://schema.org", ", "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/13/3970542/slides/slide_14.jpg", Regular inspection of OIL & WINDING TEMPERATURE METER readings. The record of current wave form is noted. "name": "ROUTINE TESTS", TRANSFORMER IS A STATIC DEVICE WHICH TRANSFORMS A.C. ELECTRICAL POWER FROM ONE VOLTAGE TO ANOTHER VOLTAGE KEEPING THE FREQUENCY SAME BY ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION. HORN GAPS & Lightening Arrestor. Conservator to be cleaned from inside after every three years. Effect of actual frequency must be taken into account. LV winding connected together and given 3 KV for 1 minute. "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/3970542/13/images/47/FAILURES+%26+CAUSES+Bad+Quality+of+raw+material..jpg", ", Breather. }, 45 HORN GAPS & Lightening Arrestor. "width": "800" "@type": "ImageObject", "width": "800" }, 34 Lightening Impulse test. 3.Seperate source voltage withstand test (High Voltage tests on HV & LV)- This test checks the insulation property between Primary to earth, Secondary to earth and between Primary & Secondary. This test measures the voltage ratio as per the customers requirement. "width": "800" }, 43 "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/3970542/13/images/43/PROTECTION+OF+TRANSFORMERS.jpg",

"@type": "ImageObject", "width": "800" "width": "800" The frequency of the 866V supply is also increased to 100HZ. Supply is made on and closed after specified duration of short circuit. WHAT IS A TRANSFORMER? "description": "", Regular inspection of OIL & WINDING TEMPERATURE METER readings. Magnetic Oil level Gauge. For a three phase transformer, impulse is carried out on all three phases in succession. 11.WELDING TRANSFORMER. "@type": "ImageObject", Burr to the lamination blades Improper brazing of joints. Transformers Mechanical and Electrical Systems SKAA 2032. TESTING OF TRANSFORMERTESTING IS CARRIED OUT AS PER IS-2026. ROUTINE TESTS 6.Measurement of NO LOAD LOSS & current.The iron losses and no load current are measured in this test. IHDR i |/n gAMA zTXtDescription 8x Jr IDATxMhwq{j'C]B2jC6W7>z5$Rc(ADR+p@KgK// RKziaFWZi5;3>F*aE5_[X][>}KZI.;'O>.^^]U9w}]dPMWsz;d70_SB$cs?3YI7D7u]{PDIU[P5L!jcSwyR3'"$g`X1'C!FwdHzZY'9aaj5_;ELjcfQYu3)3ivw;8g!Q)3iveXB @>7SCx5Iftjc3|ZYG je=Y T$d04X@M=B]c 6g-8 5k2nxx9G0{8a b6IV;z+_;p je JKP7^]TDo?yB!TsCAt[;0,!m1vACQoXaXB`[LNEL! The voltage is applied on each of the line terminal in succession, keeping the other terminals earthed. { }, 29 "@context": "http://schema.org", Oil BDV & acidity checking at regular intervals. The values of resistance should be balance for all three phases and should match the designed values. Effect of actual frequency must be taken into account. "description": "The iron losses and no load current are measured in this test. "name": "", "width": "800" TYPE TESTS THESE TESTS ARE CARRIED OUT ONLY ON ONE TRANSFORMER OF THE LOT. Lack of installation checks. Oil when topped up shall be of the same make. "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/3970542/13/images/28/ROUTINE+TESTS+6.Measurement+of+NO+LOAD+LOSS+%26+current..jpg", The iron losses and no load current are measured in this test. Incomplete drying. Megger values along with oil values indicate the condition of transformer. { Prolonged Short Circuit. Equipment used : MOTOR GENERATOR SET "@context": "http://schema.org", PRV for OLTC. "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/13/3970542/slides/slide_8.jpg", Megger values along with oil values indicate the condition of transformer. "width": "800" If acidity is between 0.5 to 1mg KOH, oil should be kept under observation. ROUTINE TESTS 5.Measurement of voltage ratioThis test measures the voltage ratio as per the customers requirement. For a three phase transformer, impulse is carried out on all three phases in succession. SPECIAL TESTS Additional Impulse test Short circuit testMeasurement of zero Phase sequence Impedance test. If you wish to download it, please recommend it to your friends in any social system.

This tests measures the ability of the transformer to withstand the mechanical and thermal stresses caused by the external short circuit. "width": "800" "@context": "http://schema.org", "name": "MAINTENANCE Periodic checking of any loose connections of the terminations of HV & LV side. 7.RECTIFIER TRANSFORMER. }, 13 "description": "", Oil BDV & acidity checking at regular intervals. ", "@type": "ImageObject", Quality Service Providing Quality Performance. "description": "LIFTING LUGS. }, 31 { ", The transformer should also withstand the routine tests after the short circuit test. glass pot. ", OIL LEVEL INDICATOR. "@type": "ImageObject", }, 32 Measurement of harmonics of the no load current. "width": "800" { "description": "", MAINTENANCE Periodic checking of any loose connections of the terminations of HV & LV side. "description": "Presented by. "@type": "ImageObject", "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/13/3970542/slides/slide_29.jpg", "width": "800" Dehydration of Silica gel if necessary. "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/3970542/13/images/21/ROUTINE+TESTS+1.Measurement+of+winding+resistance.jpg", "@type": "ImageObject", { "width": "800" "description": "For a 11KV\/433V transformer,866 Volts are applied at the 433V winding with the help of a Generator for 1 minute. Electricity is developed.

"contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/3970542/13/images/30/ROUTINE+TESTS+7.Measurement+of+LOAD+LOSS+%26+IMPEDENCE.%28EFFICIENCY+%26+REGULATION%29.jpg", Oil breakdown voltage is checked as per IS-335. "@type": "ImageObject", "width": "800" "description": "Measurement of zero Phase sequence Impedance test. "description": "", "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/3970542/13/images/32/ROUTINE+TESTS+8.Vector+Group+Verification+test.jpg", ", Substations Chapter 4 Substations Major types of equipment found in most transmission and distribution substations with their purpose. If acidity is between 0.5 to 1mg KOH, oil should be kept under observation. "@type": "ImageObject", "@context": "http://schema.org", (EFFICIENCY & REGULATION) This test measures the power consumed by the transformer when the 433V winding is short circuited and The rated current is passed through the 11KV winding. "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/13/3970542/slides/slide_9.jpg", "description": "", { 5.FURNACE TRANSFORMER. Substations. "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/3970542/13/images/25/ROUTINE+TESTS+4.Induced+Over+voltage+Withstand+test+%28DVDF+test%29-+This+test+checks+the+inter+turn+insulation..jpg", WHEELS. If acidity is between 0.5 to 1mg KOH, oil should be kept under observation. "width": "800" 2022 SlidePlayer.com Inc. All rights reserved. ", "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/13/3970542/slides/slide_17.jpg", Equipment used : Turns Ratiometer }, 46 Improper brazing of joints. This induces 22KV on 11KV side. 8.LOCOMOTIVE TRANSFORMER. "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/3970542/13/images/34/ROUTINE+TESTS+Oil+BDV+TEST..jpg", "width": "800" "name": "ROUTINE TESTS 2.Measurement of insulation resistance", "name": "ROUTINE TESTS 1.Measurement of winding resistance", "width": "800" Breather examination. }, 27 MAINTENANCE PROCEDURESludge, dust, dirt ,moisture can be removed by filtration. HT Circuit breaker with Over load, Earth Fault relay tripping. Insufficient cooling ducts in the winding. ROUTINE TESTS ( TO BE CARRIED OUT ON EACH JOB) 1.Measurement of winding resistance. The voltage is applied on each of the line terminal in succession, keeping the other terminals earthed. }, 22 }, 40 Impulse generator is used to produce the specified voltage impulse wave of 1.2/50 micro seconds wave One impulse of a reduced voltage between 50 to 75% of the full test voltage and subsequent three impulses at full voltage.

BDV, Color and smell of oil are indicative. ", ", Insulation resistance of the transformer should be checked once in 6 months. "@type": "ImageObject", The voltage is applied on each of the line terminal in succession, keeping the other terminals earthed. To make this website work, we log user data and share it with processors. }, 6 "description": "Improper formation of core. STANDARD KVA ratings are.

Equipment used : voltmeter. ", FAILURES & CAUSES Bad Quality of raw material.Transit damaged transformers. Using this principle, the turns ratio is measured with the help of a turns ratio meter. ROUTINE TESTS 1.Measurement of winding resistanceThis test measures the resistance of the HV & LV winding. Using this principle, the turns ratio is measured with the help of a turns ratio meter. "@type": "ImageObject", "width": "800" "width": "800" NATURALY COOLED (ONAN TYPE). "@type": "ImageObject", "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/13/3970542/slides/slide_33.jpg",

"contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/3970542/13/images/19/TYPE+TESTS+THESE+TESTS+ARE+CARRIED+OUT+ONLY+ON+ONE+TRANSFORMER+OF+THE+LOT.+All+routine+tests..jpg", "@context": "http://schema.org", DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER 2.POWER TRANSFORMER 3.CURRENT TRANSFORMER 4.POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER 5.FURNACE TRANSFORMER 6.BOOSTER TRANSFORMER 7.RECTIFIER TRANSFORMER 8.LOCOMOTIVE TRANSFORMER 9.MINING TRANSFORMER 10.PHASE SHIFTING TRANSFORMER 11.WELDING TRANSFORMER 12.HIGH VOLTAGE TESTING/SC TESTING TRF. ", "description": "", "@context": "http://schema.org", HV terminals are connected to the supply bus of the testing plant. }, 9 V1/V2 = N1/N2 The voltage ratio is equal to the turns ratio in a transformer. Leakages to be attended. "description": "",

Periodic Dissolved Gas Analysis can be carried out. { glass pot. "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/13/3970542/slides/slide_11.jpg", "name": "", The voltage ratio is equal to the turns ratio in a transformer. "description": "", { ROUTINE TESTS ( TO BE CARRIED OUT ON EACH JOB), 3.Seperate source voltage withstand test (High Voltage tests on HV & LV), 4.Induced Over voltage Withstand test (DVDF test), 7.Measurement of LOAD LOSS & IMPEDENCE. "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/3970542/13/images/41/MAINTENANCE+BUSHINGS.+Bushings+should+be+cleaned+and+inspected+for+any+cracks..jpg", "name": "", Seepage of water in oil. "description": "Dust & dirt deposition, Salt or chemical deposition, cement or acid fumes depositions should be carefully noted and rectified. The frequency of the 866V supply is also increased to 100HZ. ROUTINE , TYPE TESTS & SPECIAL TESTS ROUTINE TESTS ( TO BE CARRIED OUT ON EACH JOB) 1.Measurement of winding resistance 2.Measurement of insulation resistance 3.Seperate source voltage withstand test (High Voltage tests on HV & LV) 4.Induced Over voltage Withstand test (DVDF test) 5.Measurement of voltage ratio 6.Measurement of NO LOAD LOSS & current. LT circuit breaker. ", "@context": "http://schema.org", "name": "PARTS OF TRANSFORMER MAIN TANK RADIATORS CONSERVATOR EXPLOSION VENT", "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/13/3970542/slides/slide_10.jpg", { 13.GROUNDING TRANSFORMERS. "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/3970542/13/images/20/SPECIAL+TESTS+Additional+Impulse+test+Short+circuit+test.jpg", }, 11 "width": "800" Equipment used : Wattmeters or power analyser. The reactance of the winding measured before and after the S.C. test should not vary beyond the limits stated in the IS2026. "@context": "http://schema.org", 11KV/433V is the standard voltage rating. "@context": "http://schema.org", "width": "800" "description": "This test measures the voltage ratio as per the customer\u2019s requirement. For a 11KV/433V transformer,866 Volts are applied at the 433V winding with the help of a Generator for 1 minute. It may lead to sludge formation and acidic contents. ", AMONGST ALL THE TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS THIS IS THE MOST REQUIRED AND MOST USED TYPE. The 433V winding is charged at 433V supply & the 11KV winding is left open .The power consumed by the transformer at no load is the no load loss in the transformer. "name": "TESTING OF TRANSFORMER", The LV is short circuited. "@type": "ImageObject", 3.CURRENT TRANSFORMER. "@context": "http://schema.org", PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMERSHT fuse & D.O. "@context": "http://schema.org", ", (EFFICIENCY & REGULATION) 8.Vector Group Verification. BDV, Color and smell of oil are indicative. "description": "1. }, 30 }, 42 Oil Surge Relay for OLTC. 12.HIGH VOLTAGE TESTING\/SC TESTING TRF. "name": "FAILURES & CAUSES Faulty design Poor Workmanship", { "description": "", HT Circuit breaker with Over load, Earth Fault relay tripping. Seepage of water in oil.Prolonged Over loading. The testing plant parameters are such adjusted to give the rated short circuit current. "@context": "http://schema.org", Equipment used : MOTOR GENERATOR SET. }, 35 "description": "This test measures the power consumed by the transformer when the 433V winding is short circuited and The rated current is passed through the 11KV winding. ", Oil BDV & acidity checking at regular intervals. "width": "800" "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/3970542/13/images/44/PROTECTION+OF+TRANSFORMERS.jpg", "name": "MAINTENANCE OF TRANSFORMER", "name": "TYPE TESTS THESE TESTS ARE CARRIED OUT ONLY ON ONE TRANSFORMER OF THE LOT. "description": "All the dielectric tests check the insulation level of the job. { "name": "", { "width": "800" "name": "", "@context": "http://schema.org", Measurement of harmonics of the no load current. { ", ", "@type": "ImageObject", { "description": "", Hence preventive maintenance is always cost effective and time saving. "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/3970542/13/images/35/TYPE+TESTS+LIGHTENING+IMPULSE+TEST.jpg", 4.POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER. Hence preventive maintenance is always cost effective and time saving. { "@context": "http://schema.org", Regular inspection of OIL & WINDING TEMPERATURE METER readings. Measurement of acoustic noise level. SPECIAL TEST Short circuit withstand ability test.This tests measures the ability of the transformer to withstand the mechanical and thermal stresses caused by the external short circuit. Winding Temperature indicators. "description": "", Oil when topped up shall be of the same make. "description": "OIL : Oil level checking. Impulse generator is used to produce the specified voltage impulse wave of 1.2/50 micro seconds wave. "description": "Oil breakdown voltage is checked as per IS mm L X 70 mm B X 80 mm Ht. { { Dust & dirt deposition, Salt or chemical deposition, cement or acid fumes depositions should be carefully noted and rectified. After failure , transformer is removed and replaced with new/repaired one without removing the cause of failure which results in immediate or short time failure. For a 11KV/433V transformer,866 Volts are applied at the 433V winding with the help of a Generator for 1 minute. Bushings should be cleaned and inspected for any cracks. ", "contentUrl": "https://slideplayer.com/slide/3970542/13/images/40/MAINTENANCE+PROCEDURE.jpg", }, 21 "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/13/3970542/slides/slide_24.jpg", "contentUrl": "https://images.slideplayer.com/13/3970542/slides/slide_12.jpg", ", It may lead to sludge formation and acidic contents. The record of current wave form is noted. Faulty operation of tap changer switch. "@context": "http://schema.org", Lack of installation checks. Similarly no wave form distortion. The LV is short circuited. "@type": "ImageObject", { "description": "Transit damaged transformers. This induces 22KV on 11KV side. All the dielectric tests check the insulation level of the job. THESE TESTS ARE CARRIED OUT ONLY ON ONE TRANSFORMER OF THE LOT. Periodic Dissolved Gas Analysis can be carried out. 500ml Oil sample. { "width": "800" The transformer should also withstand the routine tests after the short circuit test. ROUTINE TESTS 2.Measurement of insulation resistanceMeasures the insulation resistance of HV & LV windings with respect to earth (body) and between LV & HV winding.