Since 1987, Berlin also has an official partnership with Paris, France. 
[31], In 1740, Frederick II, known as Frederick the Great (17401786), came to power. The Messe Berlin (also known as Berlin ExpoCenter City) is the main convention organizing company in the city. Berlin's executive body is the Senate of Berlin (Senat von Berlin). The Fernsehturm (TV tower) at Alexanderplatz in Mitte is among the tallest structures in the European Union at 368m (1,207ft). First documented in the 13th century and at the crossing of two important historic trade routes,[12] Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg (14171701), the Kingdom of Prussia (17011918), the German Empire (18711918), the Weimar Republic (19191933), and Nazi Germany (19331945). In the 1990s the Aussiedlergesetze enabled immigration to Germany of some residents from the former Soviet Union. [164] In 2013, 1.344million motor vehicles were registered in the city. Berlin is the most populous city proper in the European Union. Throughout the 1990s, people in their 20s from all over the world, particularly those in Western and Central Europe, made Berlin's club scene a premier nightlife venue. The oldest and most popular first division team based in Berlin is the football club Hertha BSC. [201] An innovative music, dance and art scene has developed in the 21st century. As of 2015[update] the five largest power plants measured by capacity are the Heizkraftwerk Reuter West, the Heizkraftwerk Lichterfelde, the Heizkraftwerk Mitte, the Heizkraftwerk Wilmersdorf, and the Heizkraftwerk Charlottenburg. The Greater Berlin Act in 1920 incorporated many suburbs and surrounding cities of Berlin. [28] 1237 is considered the founding date of the city. In 2014 the German capital registered a migration surplus of approximately 40,000 people.[98]. The Deutsche Oper opened in 1912 in Charlottenburg. Berlin is the seat of the Roman Catholic archbishop of Berlin and EKBO's elected chairperson is titled the bishop of EKBO. The name Berlin has its roots in the language of West Slavic inhabitants of the area of today's Berlin, and may be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl- ("swamp"). In Lichtenberg, on the grounds of the former East German Ministry for State Security, is the Stasi Museum. The church was destroyed in the Second World War and left in ruins. [76][77] This type of climate features moderate summer temperatures but sometimes hot (for being semicontinental) and cold winters but not rigorous most of the time. [25] As early as 1841 it was designated a "district dedicated to art and antiquities" by a royal decree. The Schaubhne was founded in 1962 and moved to the building of the former Universum Cinema on Kurfrstendamm in 1981. Forty-seven elite athletes participated in the 2012 Summer Olympics. Clim Change 92: 99107, Germany's third-largest metropolitan region, an unsuccessful attempt to unify both states in 1996, heat stored by the city's buildings and pavement, Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO), Member states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Union of Evangelical Free Church Congregations in Germany, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Berlin's 12 boroughs and their 96 neighborhoods, List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany, Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, International Congress and Convention Association, largest power plants measured by capacity, Universities and research institutions in Berlin, Berlin University of Applied Sciences and Technology, European Institute of Innovation and Technology, "Amt fr Statistik Berlin Brandenburg Statistiken", "Statistischer Bericht: Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31. Following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all of Germany. [49] In 1881, it became a city district separate from Brandenburg.[50]. Facing the Chancellery is the Bundestag, the German Parliament, housed in the renovated Reichstag building since the government's relocation to Berlin in 1998. [Event Review] Marshmello Makes Long Awaited Debut at Brooklyn Mirage, Senate Approves Bill To Make Daylight Savings Permanent, 20,000 Coconuts Filled With Cocaine Seized By Colombian Police. The victorious powers divided the city into four sectors, analogous to the occupation zones into which Germany was divided. Following German reunification, the center portion was reconstructed with a steel frame, and U-Bahn service resumed in 1995. [221][222] The Karneval der Kulturen (Carnival of Cultures), a multi-ethnic street parade, is celebrated every Pentecost weekend. [104] Berlin in 2009 was estimated to have 100,000 to 250,000 unregistered inhabitants.
Public transportation in Berlin has a long and complicated history because of the 20th-century division of the city, where movement between the two halves was not served. [142] In 2015, Berlin generated the most venture capital for young startup companies in Europe. Art Basel Brings New Events This Year: Which Will You Choose? It is the largest remaining evidence of the city's historical division. After the war, the repaired bridge served as a checkpoint and border crossing between the Soviet and American sectors, and later between East and West Berlin. After the royal palace was finished in 1451, it gradually came into use. 5,422km (3,369mi) of roads run through Berlin, of which 77km (48mi) are motorways (Autobahn). [159], In 2019, Berlin has the best future prospects of all cities in Germany, according to HWWI and Berenberg Bank. Discussions about moving the remaining ministries and departments to Berlin continue. Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media and science. [241], The Tiergarten park in Mitte, with landscape design by Peter Joseph Lenn, is one of Berlin's largest and most popular parks. Berlin will host the 2023 Special Olympics World Summer Games. [133] From 2012 to 2015 Berlin, as a German state, had the highest annual employment growth rate. The Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) and the Deutsche Bahn (DB) manage several extensive urban public transport systems.[168]. Berlin's built-up area creates a microclimate, with heat stored by the city's buildings and pavement. [needs update]. In a 2016 terrorist attack linked to ISIL, a truck was deliberately driven into a Christmas market next to the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, leaving 13 people dead and 55 others injured. For several years Berlin has been recognized as a major center of business founders. Two similarly designed cathedrals border it, the Franzsischer Dom with its observation platform and the Deutscher Dom. Several large-scale trade fairs like the consumer electronics trade fair IFA, the ILA Berlin Air Show, the Berlin Fashion Week (including the Premium Berlin and the Panorama Berlin),[151] the Green Week, the Fruit Logistica, the transport fair InnoTrans, the tourism fair ITB and the adult entertainment and erotic fair Venus are held annually in the city, attracting a significant number of business visitors. ", "In Germany, a Jewish community now thrives", "Berlins jdische Gotteshuser vor der Pogromnacht 1938: Untergang einer religisen Vielfalt", "Verfassung von Berlin Abschnitt IV: Die Regierung", "Berliner Haushalt Finanzsenator bleibt trotz sprudelnder Steuereinnahmen vorsichtig", "Berlin Mayor, Symbol of Openness, Has National Appeal", "Stdtepartnerschaftsverein Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg e. V.", "Gesetz ber die Feststellung des Bundeshaushaltsplans fr das Haushaltsjahr 2014", "Berlin hat so wenig Arbeitslose wie seit 24 Jahren nicht", "In Berlin gibt es so viele Beschftigte wie nie zuvor", "Immer mehr Konzerne suchen den Spirit Berlins", "The Science and Technology Park Berlin-Adlershof", "Arbeitslosenquote nach Bundeslndern in Deutschland 2018 | Statista", "Berlin's 'poor but sexy' appeal turning city into European Silicon Valley", "Berlin outranks London in start-up investment", "DB Schenker to concentrate control functions in Frankfurt am Main", "A German Publisher Is Winning the Internet", "Bayer Worldwide: Activities and Directions to the German Sites", "Berlin Welcomes Record Numbers of Tourists and Convention Participants in 2014", "Berlin No.1 city and Germany No.2 country in new ICCA rankings", "Culture and Creative Industries Index Berlin-Brandenburg 2015", "Quality of Living City Ranking | Mercer", "Munich Named The Most Livable City In The World", "Mnchen rutscht ab: Stdte-Studie sieht Berlin auf dem Spitzenplatz", "Berlins Arbeitsmarkt boomt aber die Armut bleibt gro", "Politik national Nachrichten zu Bund und Lndern | Handelsblatt", "Wie der Westhafen Berlins Gterverkehr in die Zukunft bringt", "Whatever happened to Berlin's deserted 'ghost' airport? [57] Berlin was completely divided. [37], The Thirty Years' War between 1618 and 1648 devastated Berlin. The course of the Havel is more like a chain of lakes, the largest being the Tegeler See and the Groer Wannsee. In 1920, the Greater Berlin Act incorporated dozens of suburban cities, villages, and estates around Berlin into an expanded city. [65] The connecting link of U-Bahn line U5 from Alexanderplatz to Hauptbahnhof, along with the new stations Rotes Rathaus and Unter den Linden, opened on 4 December 2020, with the Museumsinsel U-Bahn station expected to open around March 2021, which would complete all new works on the U5. West Berlin was surrounded by East German territory, and East Germany proclaimed the Eastern part as its capital, a move the western powers did not recognize. The nearby New Synagogue is the center of Jewish culture. The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region is one of the most prolific centers of higher education and research in Germany and Europe. At the end of 2018, the city-state of Berlin had 3.75million registered inhabitants[2] in an area of 891.1km2 (344.1sqmi). The annual Berlin International Film Festival (Berlinale) with around 500,000 admissions is considered to be the largest publicly attended film festival in the world. One of Europe's largest delicatessen markets is found at the KaDeWe, and among the world's largest chocolate stores is Fassbender & Rausch.[237]. [240] The city's other zoo, Tierpark Friedrichsfelde, was founded in 1955. From 1470, with the new elector Albrecht III Achilles, Berlin-Clln became the new royal residence. As of 2014[update], Berlin had 878 schools, teaching 340,658 students in 13,727 classes and 56,787 trainees in businesses and elsewhere. CTRL + SPACE for auto-complete. Located in Mitte, KW Institute for Contemporary Art, KOW, Sprth Magers; Kreuzberg there are a few galleries as well such as Blain Southern, Esther Schipper, Future Gallery, Knig Gallerie. [128] Berlin is the seat of the German Chancellor (Prime Minister), housed in the Chancellery building, the Bundeskanzleramt. Rudolf Virchow was the founder of cellular pathology, while Robert Koch developed vaccines for anthrax, cholera, and tuberculosis.[181]. Tegel Airport was within the city limits, and Schnefeld Airport was located at the same site as the BER. Taschenkalender. Berlin has more than 80 mosques,[118] ten synagogues,[119] and two Buddhist temples. Other gardens in the city include the Britzer Garten, and the Grten der Welt (Gardens of the World) in Marzahn. Of its ninety-six neighborhoods, twenty-two bear a (partly) Slavic-derived name: Altglienicke, Alt-Treptow, Britz, Buch, Buckow, Gatow, Karow, Kladow, Kpenick, Lankwitz, Lbars, Malchow, Marzahn, Pankow, Prenzlauer Berg, Rudow, Schmckwitz, Spandau, Stadtrandsiedlung Malchow, Steglitz, Tegel and Zehlendorf. At present, Berlin consists of 96 subdistricts, which are commonly made up of several smaller residential areas or quarters. Berlin's transport infrastructure is highly complex, providing a diverse range of urban mobility. In front of it is the Neptunbrunnen, a fountain featuring a mythological group of Tritons, personifications of the four main Prussian rivers, and Neptune on top of it. Its Zoological Garden is the most visited zoo in Europe and one of the most popular worldwide. The Gendarmenmarkt is a neoclassical square in Berlin, the name of which derives from the headquarters of the famous Gens d'armes regiment located here in the 18th century. In 2018, the New York Times described Berlin as "arguably the world capital of underground electronic music". [52] Berlin is the most heavily bombed city in history. Berlin is home to many magazine, newspaper, book, and scientific/academic publishers and their associated service industries. [83] The wettest month on record was July 1907, with 230 millimeters (9.1in) of rainfall, whereas the driest were October 1866, November 1902, October 1908 and September 1928, all with 1 millimeter (0.039in) of rainfall.[84]. Other professional team sport clubs include: This article is about the German city. [143], Among the 10 largest employers in Berlin are the City-State of Berlin, Deutsche Bahn, the hospital providers Charit and Vivantes, the Federal Government of Germany, the local public transport provider BVG, Siemens and Deutsche Telekom.[144].
There are no frequent passenger connections to and from Berlin by water, but some of the freight is transported via waterways. Berliners would achieve seven gold, twelve silver and three bronze medals.[257]. This system transmits compressed digital audio, digital video and other data in an MPEG transport stream. Berlin became the capital of the new Kingdom,[43] replacing Knigsberg. Berlin today is consistently rated as an important world city for street art culture. [136] The Deutsches Theater in Mitte was built in 184950 and has operated almost continuously since then. [227] Simon Rattle was its principal conductor from 1999 to 2018, a position now held by Kirill Petrenko. Many new buildings have been inspired by their historical predecessors or the general classical style of Berlin, such as Hotel Adlon. The Neues Museum, which displays the bust of Queen Nefertiti,[206] Alte Nationalgalerie, Pergamon Museum, and Bode Museum were built there. The Berliner Ensemble, famous for performing the works of Bertolt Brecht, was established in 1949. [138] Within the Eurozone, Berlin has become a center for business relocation and international investments. The Senate consists of the Governing Mayor (Regierender Brgermeister), and up to ten senators holding ministerial positions, two of them holding the title of "Mayor" (Brgermeister) as deputy to the Governing Mayor. The area around Potsdam in particular Sanssouci is known for a series of interconnected lakes and cultural landmarks. Berlin is one of the world's most livable cities. Clln on the Fischerinsel is first mentioned in a 1237 document, and Berlin, across the Spree in what is now called the Nikolaiviertel, is referenced in a document from 1244. [2] The government keeps a register of members of these churches for tax purposes, because it collects church tax on behalf of the churches. [69], In 1996, there was an unsuccessful attempt of unifying the states of Berlin and Brandenburg. [163] A total of 979 bridges cross 197km (122mi) of inner-city waterways. About 500 top athletes (15% of all German top athletes) are based there. The wireless networks are concentrated mostly in central districts; 650 hotspots (325 indoor and 325 outdoor access points) are installed. [78][77], Due to its transitional climate zones, frosts are common in winter, and there are larger temperature differences between seasons than typical for many oceanic climates. Each borough is governed by a borough council (Bezirksamt) consisting of five councilors (Bezirksstadtrte) including the borough's mayor (Bezirksbrgermeister). German is one of 24 languages of the European Union,[107] and one of the three working languages of the European Commission. Several venues have become a popular stage for the Neo-Burlesque scene. Its main exhibition area covers more than 160,000 square meters (1,722,226sqft). It is therefore an example of canting arms. Berlin's Expats Go Bezirk", "Egypt battling for more relics after Louvre success", "Dealer Will Enrich Art of the Berlin He Fled", "Graffiti in the death strip: the Berlin wall's first street artist tells his story", "The 26 Best Cities in the World To See Street Art", "Berlin, Berlin, the city of sin. The number of deaths was 32,314. [136], Berlin is one of the knowledge and innovation communities (KIC) of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT). A private museum venture exhibits a comprehensive documentation of detailed plans and strategies devised by people who tried to flee from the East. [29] The central part of Berlin can be traced back to two towns. ", "Berlin's new $7 billion airport has finally opened after 9 years of delays, corruption allegations, and construction woes see inside", "BER: A brief history of how not to build an airport", "European Green City Index Berlin Germany", "Berlin to get free public Wi-Fi in early 2016", "Geschichte des Franzsischen Gymnasiums", "HochschulenBerlin mit neuem Studentenrekord", "Excellence Strategy of the German Government", "Ten institutions that dominated science in 2015", "European Institute of Innovation and Technology: Home", "EIT ICT Labs Turn Europe into a global leader in ICT Innovation", "World Heritage Site Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin", "A New Williamsburg! Berlin (/brln/ bur-LIN, German: [blin] (listen))[7] is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. [32] Officially, the Berlin-Clln palace became permanent residence of the Brandenburg electors of the Hohenzollerns from 1486, when John Cicero came to power. Other DAX-listed companies headquartered in Berlin are the property company Deutsche Wohnen and the online food delivery service Delivery Hero. Until 2008, Berlin was also served by the smaller Tempelhof Airport, which functioned as a city airport, with a convenient location near the city center, allowing for quick transit times between the central business district and the airport. [11] Berlin's second-largest and most popular park, the Groer Tiergarten, is located right in the center of the city. Several professional clubs representing the most important spectator team sports in Germany have their base in Berlin. After 1949 the system was split into two separated networks. [189] Among them around 18% have an international background. There are seven symphony orchestras in Berlin. [170] Previously set to open in 2012, after extensive delays and cost overruns, it opened for commercial operations in October 2020. [79], Summers are warm and sometimes humid with average high temperatures of 2225C (7277F) and lows of 1214C (5457F). [154] It is home to more than 1,000 film and television production companies, 270 movie theaters, and around 300 national and international co-productions are filmed in the region every year. [212] The Berlin Wall itself has become one of the largest open-air canvasses in the world. Active immigration and asylum politics in West Berlin triggered waves of immigration in the 1960s and 1970s. This is such an interesting, out of the box idea and we are oh no curious as to how it will smell. Furthermore, Berlin is classified as a temperate continental climate (Dc) under the Trewartha climate scheme, as well as the suburbs of New York City, although the Kppen system puts them in different types. Restoration and construction of a main entrance to all museums, as well as reconstruction of the Stadtschloss continues. [70], Berlin is in northeastern Germany, in an area of low-lying marshy woodlands with a mainly flat topography, part of the vast Northern European Plain which stretches all the way from northern France to western Russia. : Stver B. Geschichte Berlins. After Kristallnacht in 1938, thousands of the city's Jews were imprisoned in the nearby Sachsenhausen concentration camp. [117] There are 36 Baptist congregations (within Union of Evangelical Free Church Congregations in Germany), 29 New Apostolic Churches, 15 United Methodist churches, eight Free Evangelical Congregations, four Churches of Christ, Scientist (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 11th), six congregations of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, an Old Catholic church, and an Anglican church in Berlin. [250] and was one of the hosts of the FIBA EuroBasket 2015.