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Be sure to visit our Fastener Tech Data section for even more information. Youll most likely need to know the bolt head diameter to determine the wrench size to tighten or loosen the bolt. Standards bodies have spent immense effort classifying thread pitch because it determines the thread tensile stress area, which can be discovered with this equation. In general, the first thing that you should do is consider whether youre using a bolt thats shorter or longer than 6 inches. 0000010701 00000 n
Machine, Sheet Metal, and Thread Cutting/Thread Forming/Thread Rolling Screws Technical Information, Anchors Technical Information and Selection Guide, Inch and metric Materials, Mechanical Properties and Markings, Best Fastener Materials to Use with Metal, Why Purchasing Fasteners from a Distributor Can Save You More, September 2021 ASMC Industrial Newsletter. 0000064117 00000 n
The thread equations given previously for tensile stress area and for minor area were used in constructing the table. Fastener 0000007632 00000 n
Check the Head Height/Thickness column to ensure that a bolt lays flat to where its screwed. Blog Bolt Size Chart: Dimensions, Types and Choosing Tips. The truth is that these terms were in use before the advent of machined threaded fasteners, so they are often used interchangeably. Bolt Size Chart: Dimensions, Types and Choosing Tips, Quenched and tempered low carbon boron steel, Quenched and tempered medium carbon alloy steel with additives, Quenched and tempered medium carbon steel or carbon steel with additives, Quenched and tempered medium carbon steel, Quenched and tempered low or medium carbon steel, M shows that the bolt uses metric thread, 5 is the bolt shanks nominal diameter in millimeters, 1.0 refers to the thread pitch in millimeters, 20 is the overall length in millimeters, About 0.35 inches of space to keep the bolt flush to the material, Hot-dipped galvanized steel; suitable for outdoor use, Chrome or nickel-plated steel; can be used outdoors, Bronze or brass; expensive and more common in decorative and art pieces. COARSE THREADS & FINE THREADS Coarse threads are those with larger pitch (fewer threads per axial distance), and fine threads are those with smaller pitch (more threads per axial distance). The following table of clearance holes was adapted from ASME B18.2.8. The second screw has the same diameter, but a different TPI; it is a 3/4-16 UNF screw. On the other hand, if you use a bigger-sized bolt that you need to use enough force to push it in, you can damage the hole. Functional diameter is a measure of the ability to assemble the thread. Now, after centuries of metal-working practice, threaded fasteners are manufactured to precision tolerances and must meet the robust demands of todays high-efficiency, high-performance marketplace. 0000132655 00000 n
For instance, a UTS bolt labeled #3-48 is a gauge 3 bolts or screw with 48 threads per inch, and a 1/4-20 screw has a 1/4 inch diameter and 20 threads per inch. What about using a metric bolt size chart? 8 Thread Series (8UN)is the specified thread forming method for several ASTM standards including A193 B7, A193 B8/B8M, and A320. 0000454880 00000 n
AISI 1030-1541 or equivalent medium carbon steel. BigCommerce Design & Development by IntuitSolutions
Consequently a #8 screw is larger than a #4 screw, just as a 3 inch bolt is larger than a 2 inch bolt. 0000132768 00000 n
0000185545 00000 n
Watch this 60 second tutorial video in order to turn yourself into a fastener search expert! The thread pitch can be further classified as coarse, fine, and superfine. Call our bolting experts at 888-315-0175 with anytorque questions. Standards bodies have concluded that its not specifications or manufacturing method that differentiate these fasteners; rather its how they are used. Even in technical parlance, there is often no distinction made between screws and bolts. 
The following table of hex nut dimensions was adapted from ASME B18.2.4.1M, Table 1, "Dimensions of Hex Nuts, Style 1." When the thread pitch is dropped from the specification, it means that the bolt is coarse-threaded. Additionally, tolerance positions can be of the following types. If you need bolts for higher tensile jobs, then class 12.9 and 10.9 are the strongest bolts. The following table of hex bolt head dimensions was adapted from ASME B18.2.1, Table 2, "Dimensions of Hex Bolts.". 0000062583 00000 n
accounts for preload, applied axial load, and applied shear load. Every metric bolt is assigned a class number in terms of megapascals (MPa). Use the dimensions of your bolt to determine the appropriate size nut. Beyond 24 inches, use threaded rod. For the most part, however, the metric charts have columns that list the equivalent or approximate sizes to the standard bolt sizes. 0000027972 00000 n
It might be unusual to think of bolts and nuts as cutting-edge technology, but for at least 1,800 years these fasteners were nothing less. bolts and 9/16 in. In the 19th century, industrialization and machining advances led to mass-produced and distributed fasteners. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Because of their great holding strength, bolts have a broad range of use compared to other fasteners. That said, its common to see abbreviated metric bolt formats, such as M14-50. The diameter of wood screws, sheet metal screws and other fasteners that are not used with a nut are specified by a one or two digit number such as: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 (not all screws are available in all sizes). Consequently, it may not be possible to standardize on coarse or fine threads. That figure also refers to the bolts diameter. Whereas cold working hardens the minimum diameter, cutting abrades it and weakens the material surface. V`QfX#(zG~SD6w Thread series cover designations of diameter/pitch combinations that are measured by the number of threads per inch (TPI) applied to a single diameter. In metric descriptions, thread fit is classified by a number and letter system; lower numbers indicate threads with higher precision and letters indicate tolerance position. For example, a thread with a nominal diameter of 6 mm and a pitch of 1 mm is designated as "M6x1.".
Hk9WX/)}r!-4iD:e* :az*.sK*_cWuqy# ovszt. In the metric chart, tensile strength is written as class numbers on a bolts head.
Add to that the difficulty of deciphering all of the figures and terms in a bolt size chart, which is nothing short of excruciating. ANSI Hardware Menu Chambers, Jeffrey A., "Preloaded Joint Analysis Methodology for Space Flight Systems," NASA Technical Memorandum 106943, 1995. It most likely looks the same for all bolt types. Include a message if you wish. 0000039513 00000 n High-accuracy, high-strength applications; safety. These threads are also unlikely to strip if the bolt is made of a soft material.
Plain washers come in 3 series: Regular, Narrow, and Wide. ANSI/ASME B1.1-1989 (R2001), Now, lets take a look at some bolt size charts that cover both the standard and metric measurement systems for bolt dimensions as well as bolt tensile strength. Used in drilled and tapped holes which are threaded full length. Houston, TX 77021, Toll Free: 800-747-1821
0000066384 00000 n All rights reservedDisclaimer | %PDF-1.7 % 0000004582 00000 n Pitch is also described as the number of threads per inch. UTS bolts that have diameters of less than 1/4 inch are provided gauge numbers, but inch measurements are used between 1/4 and 1-inch sizes. In the inch series, it is the number of complete threads per inch (if you need to know the pitch of an inch fastener, use the chart below or divide 1 by the number of threads per inch). 0000221537 00000 n Fasteners (bolts, screws, etc.) Now your company has the chance to leverage the high-tech benefits of todays novel hardware solutions. These grade marks are given depending on how many pounds per square inch (PSI) the bolt can hold. If you use a bolt smaller than the hole it should go in, the bolt may fall out.
Barrett, Richard T., "Fastener Design Manual," NASA Reference Publication 1228, 1990. When compared to UTS, 6g metric threads will be very similar to a 2A UTS bolt in terms of thread fit. 0000003782 00000 n Thread fit categorizes the tolerances between the peaks and valleys (crests and roots) of mating threaded hardware. hbbd```b``Y "sA$3d]"HI 29D|GI 0000002225 00000 n This document can be an invaluable reference point when selecting fasteners, but there is no need to commit it to memory. Bolts are also externally threaded, but they are held in place while torque is applied to a nut. The second number of a UTS bolt designates the threads per inch (TPI). 0000473827 00000 n Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom were unable to fix each others tanks and vehicles during the war, so in 1949 they adopted the Unified Thread Standard (UTS) that outlined thread criterion using inch measurements. In this article, before we look into step-by-step instructions to read a bolt size chart correctly and quickly, well first learn about some essential bolt physical characteristics and dimensions. 0000389442 00000 n The first is a 3/4-10 UNC screw. You can screw bolts on anything from drywall, metal, wood, to steel. 0000042272 00000 n Screw Threads per. With the largest market share, metric bolts are the most easily identified. 0000137397 00000 n This section contains tables of sizes for inch thread hardware. This results in a thicker diameter before the threads start. 0 In our case, only a 1/2 in. But, for special applications, there are also left hand threadsabbreviated "LH"which means you turn the screw in the opposite direction (counterclockwise) to thread it into the nut. 0000063514 00000 n For information on bolted joints, see our bolted joint analysis reference. The first column contains bolt grades (standard) or classes (metric). Sizes M20 - M50, Screw Thread Designations, Minor Diameter, Major ASME B18.21.1, "Washers: Helical Spring-Lock, Tooth Lock, and Plain Washers (Inch Series)," The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. A bolts name usually indicates its maximum diameter size, which is why a 0.4375-inch bolt is labeled 7/16 or an M24 has the number 24 in its name. AFT Fasteners Threads are found on screws, nuts, and bolts. The value of H is related to the thread pitch, P by: In the table above, dnom is nominal diameter in millimeters and P is the thread pitch in millimeters. Please enter your friend's name and email address, and your name and email address below. 0000042609 00000 n Threads per inch is sometimes confused with thread pitchpitch is the distance from one thread to the next thread, which is how metric screws are specified. This table also matches the table of recommended clearance holes from ASME B18.2.3.1M. This series is used for diameters one inch and above. 0000064044 00000 n Why is this math lesson necessary, you say. Their smaller pitches and greater TPI equate to better tensile strength, and a larger minor diameter provides better shear strength. Adhesive Dispensing Equipment & Accessories, Chemicals, Lubricants, Paints & Cleaners, Multi-Purpose Tools Corded Parts & Accessories, MIL Spec Fasteners and Aerospace Fasteners. Theyre commonly used in automotive applications and construction. Then, when you unscrew the bolt, you wont be able to use another bolt in place. These fasteners are cold-worked, which hardens the threads. THREAD (BOLT THREADS) A raised, helical rib or ridge around the interior or exterior of a cylindrically shaped object. Never let thread length get the best of you with our help from ASMC. 0000176943 00000 n Take, for example, eye bolt size charts. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(755974, '39b18361-88bb-44bf-ab1f-a16e8df62b5f', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); NOMINAL DIAMETER (NOMINAL BOLT DIAMETER) The diameter equal to the external diameter of the threads or the overall diameter of the part. 0000068196 00000 n For projects that require high holding power, you can use fine threaded bolts, which have more threads and can withstand pressure. Are you finding yourself a little confused, or do you need a quick refresher? After all, most compound machines are hybrids of simple machines. bolts fit the bill. Any bolt can be divided into two main parts: the body and the head. Then click the Send button to send your friend an email. Downloads We refer to metric bolts using M sizes followed by the diameter, thread pitch, and length. Coarse pitch threads are preferred and should be used whenever possible, as stated in ASME B1.13M. Fine and extra-fine threads can be examined together. | Let's look at some actual screws and bolts, Following are just some of the more popular sizes (diameter-threads per inch) of machine and caps screws and other fasteners Fastener Mart sells, Remember these tips about inch-based fasteners, For a comparison of inch and metric threads, see these handy charts. The higher the class number, the greater the bolts strength. Metric thread vs. Unified Thread Standard? If you want to convert millimeters to inches, you can either divide the figure by 25.4 or multiply it by 0.0394. 0000422863 00000 n Well, if you know a holes size in inches, but youre using a metric bolt, youll need to do some calculations. Instead of the yield strength, the third column contains the tensile strength measured in PSI. 0000310181 00000 n First, you need to convert the fraction to decimals.
Check out our bolted joint calculator based on the methodology described here. 0000060663 00000 n 0000030444 00000 n Today, Canada and the United States remain the only markets with high concentrations of UTS hardware. Bolt heads have three essential dimensions: size across the flats, across the corners, and head height. 0000052353 00000 n Still, there are some oddly shaped bolts out there. The minimum hole diameters are given. |
Phone: 713-747-9944 that belong to the "inch" series are the most common in the U.S.A. and Canada. Sometimes you'll need to consider what benefits each type offers, and match it to its application. 0000268206 00000 n But it is easier to specify the components by a single size designation since the bolt and nut are mating components.). Used to mount motors to machinery - also used in automotive and truck repair. The following table of hex bolt head dimensions was adapted from ASME B18.2.3.1M, Table 3, "Dimensions of Hex Cap Screws.". Fax: 713-747-3924, Houston SEO Services Provided By TopSpot Internet Marketing. You can also screw bolts on two different materials, such as fastening wood to metal. Whether youre working on a DIY project or a construction job, what you need is a proper and basic understanding of how to use a chart for bolt sizes. All standard bolt sizes and thread types can be manufactured via cutting. Again, you find that bolts 1/2 and 9/16 have a head height of around 0.35 inches, with a minimum of 0.302 inches and a maximum of 0.371 inches. If it isn't specified, it's right hand threaded. FED-STD-H28/2B, "Screw-Thread Standards for Federal Services," Federal Standard, 1991. trailer <]/Prev 81832>> startxref 0 %%EOF 66 0 obj <>stream 0000018629 00000 n 0000051351 00000 n Do you know the difference between rolled threads and cut threads? 0000446624 00000 n Coarse thread is beneficial, because they are less likely to cross thread, more tolerant in adverse conditions and facilitate quick assembly. Length is simply the length of the screw or bolt, in inches. Coarse threads have a larger threadform relative to screw diameter, whereas fine threads have a smaller threadform relative to screw diameter. 2022 In all cases, the larger the number, the larger the size. Similar to the size charts, the tensile strength charts are predominantly the same, but with different measurement units. 0000042385 00000 n 0000132261 00000 n They could be used to convey objects linearly or to pump fluids, as in Archimedes famous screw pump. More significantly, does your supplier know the difference, and can it develop hardware to meet your specific applications? 0000131286 00000 n Acceptability criteria 0000063124 00000 n In some instances, hardware may actually be labeled with two sets of thread fit measurements. 0000056851 00000 n 0000046861 00000 n Denominations begin with the letter M and the number immediately after indicates the bolt diameter in millimeters. Sign up for our bi-monthly email newsletter for all the latest! 0000057273 00000 n Heat treated, oil or water quenched, tempered at 800 Deg (F) min. Trying to make sense of all the different screw and bolt thread lengths can be a real challengeeven for the most knowledgeable of professionals. First, look at the chart and find bolts that have a half-inch diameter. This table is used for smaller size hardware. Remember that the standard bolt size equivalent is an approximation, not a direct equivalence. The good news is that you can now confidently say that you know all about bolts and bolt size charts. Threads are normally right handyou turn the screw clockwise to thread it into a nut. No need to worry, though, because these are clues that you can work with. 38JD{*.M[a2\;zH;]^oO+OMjV18#[x9L So, next time youre working on a project, you can acquire the bolt dimensions that you need easily. Feedback Advertising Most fasteners fall into coarse and fine categories, but there is also extra fine and other designations. Say youre building a treehouse, and you have a hole that fits the following description: It sounds a bit confusing, right? Type A washers come in 2 series: Narrow and Wide. Engineering Calculators 0000077352 00000 n KE2J+JMdqtj,)IxT!dT;PDA&Pq)c{@h ~)-.'J.ehqgVHHq\58 !mRQ!U@cK%>TeLlh("R8TYAtc@ `@sBl`l 3H2@cL&!A-jV#8AQ 0OQ3S'~9FF}@37\JWwkDxpiP`sh*fgT{b Xfl`d00\1HfC20 LK endstream endobj 1816 0 obj <> endobj 1817 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/Properties<>>>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 1818 0 obj <>stream 0000001216 00000 n hW[O:+VziC()D?3v(m)2=}Fpq`va`(F8Di"$Z(8WL}_H! GOC>8kH'hx(_q'@%yv0y@4Sx,Ank&p;HJq^oJOA!a5fS:^eYJ/g](h!83:SvH-$ ASME B18.2.2, "Nuts for General Applications: Machine Screw Nuts, Hex, Square, Hex Flange, and Coupling Nuts (Inch Series)," The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. You can even use it on concrete. 0000047387 00000 n <<0224145F16E9BA4886AAEC69A1971757>]/Prev 1018944>> Coarse threads offer clearance for thread plating and are less likely to gall. The following table of hex nut dimensions was adapted from ASME B18.2.2, Table 1-1, "Dimensions of Square and Hex Machine Screw Nuts." 0000049842 00000 n Sometimes, not often though, you may see a sheet metal screw listed as a fraction like 5/16 or 3/8 but, generally, the diameter of these screws will be specified as a one or two digit number. Used in automotive and and fleet industries where greater tensile strength is required than can be met by a Grade-5 Hex Tap Bolt. The thread profile is based on a parameter H, the height of the fundamental triangle. Until the Industrial Revolution, the six classical machines were responsible for every mechanical advantage. In the standard size chart, the bolts are labeled as fractions, which happen to be the bolts diameters. 8 0 obj <> endobj xref 8 59 0000000016 00000 n This machine screw is a #0 (very small diameter), has 80 threads to the inch, and is 1/8 inch long; it can be used with a 0-80 nut. These charts can give you a general idea of the tensile strength of standard and metric bolts as well as the material theyre most likely made from. 0000462811 00000 n According to ISO, global hardware popularity is split 60% metric, 31% UTS and 9% other. 0000064572 00000 n These bolts are usually made from quenched and tempered medium carbon alloy steel, so they can withstand a tremendous amount of pressure. hb`````c```T Lindeburg, Michael R., "Mechanical Engineering Reference Manual for the PE Exam," 13th Ed. Diameters 1/4-7/16" AISI 1541 steel is acceptable. Please try again. Thats why we have an additional column in the metric chart below: the Standard Inch Equivalent. Length includes head height for bugle, flat and oval heads. 0000042161 00000 n All rights reserved.
0000056502 00000 n Do you need to take your chances with any bolt that goes in the hole or give up the task altogether? 0000063587 00000 n Loose-fitting hardware is better for applications that require quick assembly and disassembly, but precision fits (class 3) are best for high-accuracy, high-strength joints, and harsh environments, such as socket head bolts in an engine. As such, bolts are increasingly specialized and standardized, with no end in sight. Next, to convert the decimal to millimeters, multiply the decimal by 25.4, which gives you 13.096875mm. Did you know that the easiest way to find what you are looking for on our website is to use the filters? ASME B18.2.1, "Square, Hex, Heavy Hex, and Askew Head Bolts and Hex, Heavy Hex, Hex Flange, Lobed Head, and Lag Screws (Inch Series)," The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. For standard-size bolts, the thread pitch is either fine or coarse. Of the original six machines, screws were likely the last to be invented, but also the most revolutionary. 0000094522 00000 n 0000003007 00000 n This creates a fastener with smoother threads that also weighs less than same-sized cut bolts. xref Please enable JavaScript. 0000117710 00000 n Just like the metric bolt size chart, the metric classes chart has an additional column that contains the standard grade equivalent. Per ASME B18.2.1, the nominal thread length of inch-series bolts can be found by: where L is the total bolt length and dnom is the nominal bolt diameter. Less chance of stripping or cross threading, Coarse threads aren't as easily damaged by handling or during shipping, Some materials tap better when using coarse threads, Fine threads are better when tapping thin and hard materials, Larger tensile stress areas make fine threaded fasteners stronger in tension, Diameter: the larger the number, the larger the screw or bolt, Threads per Inch: the larger the number, the more fine the thread, Length: the larger the number, the longer the screw or bolt. 0000051817 00000 n .. Coarse and fine threads each have impressive advantages to their credit. Cutting requires a blank rod that is the exact diameter as the bolt specification, and excess material is cut away from the blank to create threads. 0000062049 00000 n There is no difference in manufacturing quality between coarse, fine and extra-fine thread types, but there are differences in how they are employed.
From, Socket Head Cap Screws, Hex Head & Heavy Hex Bolts, & many more. Meanwhile, the metric system was gaining popularity in Europe and Asia, leading to the United Kingdom dropping UTS and adopting the metric system instead. 0000133038 00000 n Youll most likely use coarse threaded bolts, which have a lower thread count. hb```c``*``e`fb@ !G#K`[% You must use left hand threaded screws with left hand threaded nuts. To fabricate rolled threads, a blank with a diameter slightly smaller than the designated end diameter is used. Definitions of terms are located below the chart. Machine screws, but especially caps screws and bolts, can range from 1/4 inch up to 3 inches or more. Typically the only instance where cut threads are explicitly sought are when specified materials are too hard to be rolled. Keep in mind that when I say bolt size, I refer to the bolts shank, not the head. 0000235824 00000 n While almost all bolts have the same body diameter size measurements, there are other dimensions to consider depending on the shape of the bolt. For instance, a 3/4-10 UNC requires 10 rotations to install 1 inch of the bolt shaft, while a 3/4-16 UNF would require 16 rotations. Youll find two extra columns: one for Outside Eye Diameter and one for Inside Eye Diameter. 0000025207 00000 n PITCH (THREAD PITCH) Pitch is the distance from the crest of one thread to the next or the distance from one thread groove to the next, measured from crest to crest. Use our Fast Order Form if you know what product codes you'd like to order! Engineering Forum are described in ANSI/ASME B1.3M-1992 (R2001). 0000185482 00000 n The following table of thread sizes for coarse and fine thread was adapted from ASME B1.1: The following equations can be used to calculate dimensions for Unified Inch threads: In the table above, dnom is nominal diameter in inches and TPI is threads per inch. Coarse-threaded fasteners can also be installed more quickly. 0000001756 00000 n Size Chart. Now that weve covered all the technical aspects of a bolt size chart, lets look at an example to cement this information. The second column has the tensile strength of each grade measured in PSI, followed by the yield strength in the third column. The sixth column in both charts is the second most essential bolt dimension. 0000060153 00000 n Whether youre a DIY enthusiast, an engineering student, or an experienced machinist, youre probably aware of how much more sturdy your project can be with the right bolts. 0000000016 00000 n A-class threads are used for external threads and B-class threads are for internal threads. Oops, something went wrong. * Click on the nominal size to find products. A sheet metal screw with a Phillips pan head that is a #7 and is 5/8 inches long.
The following table of hex nut dimensions was adapted from ASME B18.2.4.1M, Table 1, "Dimensions of Hex Nuts, Style 1." When the thread pitch is dropped from the specification, it means that the bolt is coarse-threaded. Additionally, tolerance positions can be of the following types. If you need bolts for higher tensile jobs, then class 12.9 and 10.9 are the strongest bolts. The following table of hex bolt head dimensions was adapted from ASME B18.2.1, Table 2, "Dimensions of Hex Bolts.". 0000062583 00000 n
accounts for preload, applied axial load, and applied shear load. Every metric bolt is assigned a class number in terms of megapascals (MPa). Use the dimensions of your bolt to determine the appropriate size nut. Beyond 24 inches, use threaded rod. For the most part, however, the metric charts have columns that list the equivalent or approximate sizes to the standard bolt sizes. 0000027972 00000 n
It might be unusual to think of bolts and nuts as cutting-edge technology, but for at least 1,800 years these fasteners were nothing less. bolts and 9/16 in. In the 19th century, industrialization and machining advances led to mass-produced and distributed fasteners. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Because of their great holding strength, bolts have a broad range of use compared to other fasteners. That said, its common to see abbreviated metric bolt formats, such as M14-50. The diameter of wood screws, sheet metal screws and other fasteners that are not used with a nut are specified by a one or two digit number such as: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 (not all screws are available in all sizes). Consequently, it may not be possible to standardize on coarse or fine threads. That figure also refers to the bolts diameter. Whereas cold working hardens the minimum diameter, cutting abrades it and weakens the material surface. V`QfX#(zG~SD6w Thread series cover designations of diameter/pitch combinations that are measured by the number of threads per inch (TPI) applied to a single diameter. In metric descriptions, thread fit is classified by a number and letter system; lower numbers indicate threads with higher precision and letters indicate tolerance position. For example, a thread with a nominal diameter of 6 mm and a pitch of 1 mm is designated as "M6x1.". Hk9WX/)}r!-4iD:e* :az*.sK*_cWuqy# ovszt. In the metric chart, tensile strength is written as class numbers on a bolts head.
Add to that the difficulty of deciphering all of the figures and terms in a bolt size chart, which is nothing short of excruciating. ANSI Hardware Menu Chambers, Jeffrey A., "Preloaded Joint Analysis Methodology for Space Flight Systems," NASA Technical Memorandum 106943, 1995. It most likely looks the same for all bolt types. Include a message if you wish. 0000039513 00000 n High-accuracy, high-strength applications; safety. These threads are also unlikely to strip if the bolt is made of a soft material.
Plain washers come in 3 series: Regular, Narrow, and Wide. ANSI/ASME B1.1-1989 (R2001), Now, lets take a look at some bolt size charts that cover both the standard and metric measurement systems for bolt dimensions as well as bolt tensile strength. Used in drilled and tapped holes which are threaded full length. Houston, TX 77021, Toll Free: 800-747-1821 0000066384 00000 n All rights reservedDisclaimer | %PDF-1.7 % 0000004582 00000 n Pitch is also described as the number of threads per inch. UTS bolts that have diameters of less than 1/4 inch are provided gauge numbers, but inch measurements are used between 1/4 and 1-inch sizes. In the inch series, it is the number of complete threads per inch (if you need to know the pitch of an inch fastener, use the chart below or divide 1 by the number of threads per inch). 0000221537 00000 n Fasteners (bolts, screws, etc.) Now your company has the chance to leverage the high-tech benefits of todays novel hardware solutions. These grade marks are given depending on how many pounds per square inch (PSI) the bolt can hold. If you use a bolt smaller than the hole it should go in, the bolt may fall out.
Barrett, Richard T., "Fastener Design Manual," NASA Reference Publication 1228, 1990. When compared to UTS, 6g metric threads will be very similar to a 2A UTS bolt in terms of thread fit. 0000003782 00000 n Thread fit categorizes the tolerances between the peaks and valleys (crests and roots) of mating threaded hardware. hbbd```b``Y "sA$3d]"HI 29D|GI 0000002225 00000 n This document can be an invaluable reference point when selecting fasteners, but there is no need to commit it to memory. Bolts are also externally threaded, but they are held in place while torque is applied to a nut. The second number of a UTS bolt designates the threads per inch (TPI). 0000473827 00000 n Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom were unable to fix each others tanks and vehicles during the war, so in 1949 they adopted the Unified Thread Standard (UTS) that outlined thread criterion using inch measurements. In this article, before we look into step-by-step instructions to read a bolt size chart correctly and quickly, well first learn about some essential bolt physical characteristics and dimensions. 0000389442 00000 n The first is a 3/4-10 UNC screw. You can screw bolts on anything from drywall, metal, wood, to steel. 0000042272 00000 n Screw Threads per. With the largest market share, metric bolts are the most easily identified. 0000137397 00000 n This section contains tables of sizes for inch thread hardware. This results in a thicker diameter before the threads start. 0 In our case, only a 1/2 in. But, for special applications, there are also left hand threadsabbreviated "LH"which means you turn the screw in the opposite direction (counterclockwise) to thread it into the nut. 0000063514 00000 n For information on bolted joints, see our bolted joint analysis reference. The first column contains bolt grades (standard) or classes (metric). Sizes M20 - M50, Screw Thread Designations, Minor Diameter, Major ASME B18.21.1, "Washers: Helical Spring-Lock, Tooth Lock, and Plain Washers (Inch Series)," The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. A bolts name usually indicates its maximum diameter size, which is why a 0.4375-inch bolt is labeled 7/16 or an M24 has the number 24 in its name. AFT Fasteners Threads are found on screws, nuts, and bolts. The value of H is related to the thread pitch, P by: In the table above, dnom is nominal diameter in millimeters and P is the thread pitch in millimeters. Please enter your friend's name and email address, and your name and email address below. 0000042609 00000 n Threads per inch is sometimes confused with thread pitchpitch is the distance from one thread to the next thread, which is how metric screws are specified. This table also matches the table of recommended clearance holes from ASME B18.2.3.1M. This series is used for diameters one inch and above. 0000064044 00000 n Why is this math lesson necessary, you say. Their smaller pitches and greater TPI equate to better tensile strength, and a larger minor diameter provides better shear strength. Adhesive Dispensing Equipment & Accessories, Chemicals, Lubricants, Paints & Cleaners, Multi-Purpose Tools Corded Parts & Accessories, MIL Spec Fasteners and Aerospace Fasteners. Theyre commonly used in automotive applications and construction. Then, when you unscrew the bolt, you wont be able to use another bolt in place. These fasteners are cold-worked, which hardens the threads. THREAD (BOLT THREADS) A raised, helical rib or ridge around the interior or exterior of a cylindrically shaped object. Never let thread length get the best of you with our help from ASMC. 0000176943 00000 n Take, for example, eye bolt size charts. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(755974, '39b18361-88bb-44bf-ab1f-a16e8df62b5f', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); NOMINAL DIAMETER (NOMINAL BOLT DIAMETER) The diameter equal to the external diameter of the threads or the overall diameter of the part. 0000068196 00000 n For projects that require high holding power, you can use fine threaded bolts, which have more threads and can withstand pressure. Are you finding yourself a little confused, or do you need a quick refresher? After all, most compound machines are hybrids of simple machines. bolts fit the bill. Any bolt can be divided into two main parts: the body and the head. Then click the Send button to send your friend an email. Downloads We refer to metric bolts using M sizes followed by the diameter, thread pitch, and length. Coarse pitch threads are preferred and should be used whenever possible, as stated in ASME B1.13M. Fine and extra-fine threads can be examined together. | Let's look at some actual screws and bolts, Following are just some of the more popular sizes (diameter-threads per inch) of machine and caps screws and other fasteners Fastener Mart sells, Remember these tips about inch-based fasteners, For a comparison of inch and metric threads, see these handy charts. The higher the class number, the greater the bolts strength. Metric thread vs. Unified Thread Standard? If you want to convert millimeters to inches, you can either divide the figure by 25.4 or multiply it by 0.0394. 0000422863 00000 n Well, if you know a holes size in inches, but youre using a metric bolt, youll need to do some calculations. Instead of the yield strength, the third column contains the tensile strength measured in PSI. 0000310181 00000 n First, you need to convert the fraction to decimals.
Check out our bolted joint calculator based on the methodology described here. 0000060663 00000 n 0000030444 00000 n Today, Canada and the United States remain the only markets with high concentrations of UTS hardware. Bolt heads have three essential dimensions: size across the flats, across the corners, and head height. 0000052353 00000 n Still, there are some oddly shaped bolts out there. The minimum hole diameters are given. |
Phone: 713-747-9944 that belong to the "inch" series are the most common in the U.S.A. and Canada. Sometimes you'll need to consider what benefits each type offers, and match it to its application. 0000268206 00000 n But it is easier to specify the components by a single size designation since the bolt and nut are mating components.). Used to mount motors to machinery - also used in automotive and truck repair. The following table of hex bolt head dimensions was adapted from ASME B18.2.3.1M, Table 3, "Dimensions of Hex Cap Screws.". Fax: 713-747-3924, Houston SEO Services Provided By TopSpot Internet Marketing. You can also screw bolts on two different materials, such as fastening wood to metal. Whether youre working on a DIY project or a construction job, what you need is a proper and basic understanding of how to use a chart for bolt sizes. All standard bolt sizes and thread types can be manufactured via cutting. Again, you find that bolts 1/2 and 9/16 have a head height of around 0.35 inches, with a minimum of 0.302 inches and a maximum of 0.371 inches. If it isn't specified, it's right hand threaded. FED-STD-H28/2B, "Screw-Thread Standards for Federal Services," Federal Standard, 1991. trailer <]/Prev 81832>> startxref 0 %%EOF 66 0 obj <>stream 0000018629 00000 n 0000051351 00000 n Do you know the difference between rolled threads and cut threads? 0000446624 00000 n Coarse thread is beneficial, because they are less likely to cross thread, more tolerant in adverse conditions and facilitate quick assembly. Length is simply the length of the screw or bolt, in inches. Coarse threads have a larger threadform relative to screw diameter, whereas fine threads have a smaller threadform relative to screw diameter. 2022 In all cases, the larger the number, the larger the size. Similar to the size charts, the tensile strength charts are predominantly the same, but with different measurement units. 0000042385 00000 n 0000132261 00000 n They could be used to convey objects linearly or to pump fluids, as in Archimedes famous screw pump. More significantly, does your supplier know the difference, and can it develop hardware to meet your specific applications? 0000131286 00000 n Acceptability criteria 0000063124 00000 n In some instances, hardware may actually be labeled with two sets of thread fit measurements. 0000056851 00000 n 0000046861 00000 n Denominations begin with the letter M and the number immediately after indicates the bolt diameter in millimeters. Sign up for our bi-monthly email newsletter for all the latest! 0000057273 00000 n Heat treated, oil or water quenched, tempered at 800 Deg (F) min. Trying to make sense of all the different screw and bolt thread lengths can be a real challengeeven for the most knowledgeable of professionals. First, look at the chart and find bolts that have a half-inch diameter. This table is used for smaller size hardware. Remember that the standard bolt size equivalent is an approximation, not a direct equivalence. The good news is that you can now confidently say that you know all about bolts and bolt size charts. Threads are normally right handyou turn the screw clockwise to thread it into a nut. No need to worry, though, because these are clues that you can work with. 38JD{*.M[a2\;zH;]^oO+OMjV18#[x9L So, next time youre working on a project, you can acquire the bolt dimensions that you need easily. Feedback Advertising Most fasteners fall into coarse and fine categories, but there is also extra fine and other designations. Say youre building a treehouse, and you have a hole that fits the following description: It sounds a bit confusing, right? Type A washers come in 2 series: Narrow and Wide. Engineering Calculators 0000077352 00000 n KE2J+JMdqtj,)IxT!dT;PDA&Pq)c{@h ~)-.'J.ehqgVHHq\58 !mRQ!U@cK%>TeLlh("R8TYAtc@ `@sBl`l 3H2@cL&!A-jV#8AQ 0OQ3S'~9FF}@37\JWwkDxpiP`sh*fgT{b Xfl`d00\1HfC20 LK endstream endobj 1816 0 obj <> endobj 1817 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/Properties<>>>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 1818 0 obj <>stream 0000001216 00000 n hW[O:+VziC()D?3v(m)2=}Fpq`va`(F8Di"$Z(8WL}_H! GOC>8kH'hx(_q'@%yv0y@4Sx,Ank&p;HJq^oJOA!a5fS:^eYJ/g](h!83:SvH-$ ASME B18.2.2, "Nuts for General Applications: Machine Screw Nuts, Hex, Square, Hex Flange, and Coupling Nuts (Inch Series)," The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. You can even use it on concrete. 0000047387 00000 n <<0224145F16E9BA4886AAEC69A1971757>]/Prev 1018944>> Coarse threads offer clearance for thread plating and are less likely to gall. The following table of hex nut dimensions was adapted from ASME B18.2.2, Table 1-1, "Dimensions of Square and Hex Machine Screw Nuts." 0000049842 00000 n Sometimes, not often though, you may see a sheet metal screw listed as a fraction like 5/16 or 3/8 but, generally, the diameter of these screws will be specified as a one or two digit number. Used in automotive and and fleet industries where greater tensile strength is required than can be met by a Grade-5 Hex Tap Bolt. The thread profile is based on a parameter H, the height of the fundamental triangle. Until the Industrial Revolution, the six classical machines were responsible for every mechanical advantage. In the standard size chart, the bolts are labeled as fractions, which happen to be the bolts diameters. 8 0 obj <> endobj xref 8 59 0000000016 00000 n This machine screw is a #0 (very small diameter), has 80 threads to the inch, and is 1/8 inch long; it can be used with a 0-80 nut. These charts can give you a general idea of the tensile strength of standard and metric bolts as well as the material theyre most likely made from. 0000462811 00000 n According to ISO, global hardware popularity is split 60% metric, 31% UTS and 9% other. 0000064572 00000 n These bolts are usually made from quenched and tempered medium carbon alloy steel, so they can withstand a tremendous amount of pressure. hb`````c```T Lindeburg, Michael R., "Mechanical Engineering Reference Manual for the PE Exam," 13th Ed. Diameters 1/4-7/16" AISI 1541 steel is acceptable. Please try again. Thats why we have an additional column in the metric chart below: the Standard Inch Equivalent. Length includes head height for bugle, flat and oval heads. 0000042161 00000 n All rights reserved.
0000056502 00000 n Do you need to take your chances with any bolt that goes in the hole or give up the task altogether? 0000063587 00000 n Loose-fitting hardware is better for applications that require quick assembly and disassembly, but precision fits (class 3) are best for high-accuracy, high-strength joints, and harsh environments, such as socket head bolts in an engine. As such, bolts are increasingly specialized and standardized, with no end in sight. Next, to convert the decimal to millimeters, multiply the decimal by 25.4, which gives you 13.096875mm. Did you know that the easiest way to find what you are looking for on our website is to use the filters? ASME B18.2.1, "Square, Hex, Heavy Hex, and Askew Head Bolts and Hex, Heavy Hex, Hex Flange, Lobed Head, and Lag Screws (Inch Series)," The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. For standard-size bolts, the thread pitch is either fine or coarse. Of the original six machines, screws were likely the last to be invented, but also the most revolutionary. 0000094522 00000 n 0000003007 00000 n This creates a fastener with smoother threads that also weighs less than same-sized cut bolts. xref Please enable JavaScript. 0000117710 00000 n Just like the metric bolt size chart, the metric classes chart has an additional column that contains the standard grade equivalent. Per ASME B18.2.1, the nominal thread length of inch-series bolts can be found by: where L is the total bolt length and dnom is the nominal bolt diameter. Less chance of stripping or cross threading, Coarse threads aren't as easily damaged by handling or during shipping, Some materials tap better when using coarse threads, Fine threads are better when tapping thin and hard materials, Larger tensile stress areas make fine threaded fasteners stronger in tension, Diameter: the larger the number, the larger the screw or bolt, Threads per Inch: the larger the number, the more fine the thread, Length: the larger the number, the longer the screw or bolt. 0000051817 00000 n .. Coarse and fine threads each have impressive advantages to their credit. Cutting requires a blank rod that is the exact diameter as the bolt specification, and excess material is cut away from the blank to create threads. 0000062049 00000 n There is no difference in manufacturing quality between coarse, fine and extra-fine thread types, but there are differences in how they are employed.
From, Socket Head Cap Screws, Hex Head & Heavy Hex Bolts, & many more. Meanwhile, the metric system was gaining popularity in Europe and Asia, leading to the United Kingdom dropping UTS and adopting the metric system instead. 0000133038 00000 n Youll most likely use coarse threaded bolts, which have a lower thread count. hb```c``*``e`fb@ !G#K`[% You must use left hand threaded screws with left hand threaded nuts. To fabricate rolled threads, a blank with a diameter slightly smaller than the designated end diameter is used. Definitions of terms are located below the chart. Machine screws, but especially caps screws and bolts, can range from 1/4 inch up to 3 inches or more. Typically the only instance where cut threads are explicitly sought are when specified materials are too hard to be rolled. Keep in mind that when I say bolt size, I refer to the bolts shank, not the head. 0000235824 00000 n While almost all bolts have the same body diameter size measurements, there are other dimensions to consider depending on the shape of the bolt. For instance, a 3/4-10 UNC requires 10 rotations to install 1 inch of the bolt shaft, while a 3/4-16 UNF would require 16 rotations. Youll find two extra columns: one for Outside Eye Diameter and one for Inside Eye Diameter. 0000025207 00000 n PITCH (THREAD PITCH) Pitch is the distance from the crest of one thread to the next or the distance from one thread groove to the next, measured from crest to crest. Use our Fast Order Form if you know what product codes you'd like to order! Engineering Forum are described in ANSI/ASME B1.3M-1992 (R2001). 0000185482 00000 n The following table of thread sizes for coarse and fine thread was adapted from ASME B1.1: The following equations can be used to calculate dimensions for Unified Inch threads: In the table above, dnom is nominal diameter in inches and TPI is threads per inch. Coarse-threaded fasteners can also be installed more quickly. 0000001756 00000 n Size Chart. Now that weve covered all the technical aspects of a bolt size chart, lets look at an example to cement this information. The second column has the tensile strength of each grade measured in PSI, followed by the yield strength in the third column. The sixth column in both charts is the second most essential bolt dimension. 0000060153 00000 n Whether youre a DIY enthusiast, an engineering student, or an experienced machinist, youre probably aware of how much more sturdy your project can be with the right bolts. 0000000016 00000 n A-class threads are used for external threads and B-class threads are for internal threads. Oops, something went wrong. * Click on the nominal size to find products. A sheet metal screw with a Phillips pan head that is a #7 and is 5/8 inches long.