Control efficacy was calculated using the following formula: control efficacy (%) = 100 (DI of control DI of treatment)/DI of control. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (, Controlefficacy(%) =100 -(100diseaseincidenceoftreatment/diseaseincidenceofcontrol). Optimum culture conditions for maximizing the conidial yield of S. lamellicola BCP were investigated in 5-l jar fermenters. The production of antibiotics by these species is well documented. At present, domestic production and processing of biological fungicides generally use natural renewable resources (such as corn, bean cake, fish meal, wheat bran, or some plant bodies).
Agricultural antibiotic bactericides are secondary metabolites produced by microbial fermentation processes that inhibit or kill plant pathogens and regulate crop growth and development at low concentrations. As the fermentation scale increased from a 5-l jar to a 300 l vessel, the pigment yield of Monascus J101 was reduced up to 16% (Kim et al., 2002a). 3, BCP-WP10 suppressed the development of tomato gray mold in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help During scale-up process, however, the reduction of productivity have been reported (Kim et al., 2002a, 2005). 8600 Rockville Pike
The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Conidial production was scaled up from a 5-l jar to a 340 5,000-l vessel. For example, Kasugamycin, Jinggangmycin, Polyoxymycin, and Streptomycin. And have a remarkable ability to adapt to bad soil environments & improve soil conditions. Conidial production by large-scale fermentation. Considering reduction of product yield in larger scale fermentation, this result is fairly acceptable in the process development, indicating that scale-up process was developed in our study. Plots of 50 m2 were arranged as a randomized complete block with three replicates per treatment. The bio fungicide currently developed are basically microbial fungicides of bacteria, fungi, and antibiotics, mainly including agricultural antibiotics, bacterial fungicides, fungal fungicides, and viral fungicides. Antimicrobial activities of novel mannosyl lipids isolated from the biocontrol fungus Simplicillium lamellicola BCP against phytopathogenic bacteria. However, becuase the conidia of S. lamellicola produced in a liquid culture are sensitive to heat, a freeze-drying method was used in this study. Kim HJ, Kim YH, Roh YH, Seong BL, Shin CS.
Enhanced resistance is systemic because disease resistance occurs at sites distance from the location of the biocontrol microorganisms. In the greenhouse industry, biofungicides are applied preventively to growth media or as a seed treatment for root and crown disease control and can be as effective as chemical fungicides. - A final way in which these organisms act is through plant growth promotion. The experiment was repeated twice with three replicates per sample. Composition of 11 additives for freeze-drying the fermentation broth of Simplicillium lamellicola BCP and the numbers of viable conidia in the freeze-dried samples.
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture, product yield of enterokinase in a 300-l vessel was lower than that in a 5-l jar (Kim et al., 2005). They must be reapplied frequently both to protect new growth and to ensure that effective populations of the microorganisms are present. Kim JH, Lee SH, Kim CS, Lim EK, Choi KH, Kong HG, Kim DW, Lee SW, Moon BJ. Mycoparasitism of Acremonium strictum BCP on Botrytis cinerea, the gray mold pathogen. Liquid fermentation technology for experimental production of biocontrol fungi. The conidial viability of our solid culture (unpublished data) was reduced to 10% of the original by grinding. At present, the main means of controlling plant diseases are chemical fungicides. has a wide variety of resources and abundant resources. 
The use of composts and suppressive growing medium, which both contain living microorganisms, to mitigate disease is another example of this disease management option. Kim JC, Choi GJ, Kim HJ, Kim HT, Ahn JW, Cho KY. Verlamelin, an antifungal compound produced by a mycoparasite, Acremonium strictum. These microorganisms produce a wide range of antibiotic substances, parasitize other fungi, compete with other fungi, and induce localized or systemic resistance in plants. However, due to potential human health hazards, environmental pollution, non-target organisms, and the development of plant-pathogen resistance, the development of chemical fungicide has been limited. Although the experimental conditions such as disease incidence, treatment frequency, and environment differed from those of our experiment, the disease control efficacy of BCP-WP10 was higher than that of the Bacillus biofungicide. The tomato plants were infected naturally with B. cinerea. As shown in Fig. The conidial yield obtained using the optimized fermentation medium was about 33 times higher than that of CDB medium (Table 2). Zhao J, Li J, Kong F. Biocontrol activity against Botrytis cinerea by Bacillus subtilis 728 isolated from marine environment. Beneficial root-colonizing microorganisms promote plant growth and productivity. Screening of antagonistic bacteria having antifungal activity against various phytopathogens. For seed cultures, a 1.2-ml Cryovial tube (Simport) was thawed at 25C and cultured in a 500-ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of fermentation medium. When lactose, trehalose, soybean meal, and glycerin were used as additives for the freeze-drying method, the conidial viability was maintained at 85.7%. The pilot fermentation was performed for 96 h at 25C and 80 rpm with an aeration rate of 0.5 vvm. The most effective use of biofungicides is as a preventive treatment in growing media or as a seed treatment. to produce chemical synthetic products for raw materials, and is conducive to the protection and permanent use of human natural resources. The control efficacies of BCP-WP10 were 65.6% for the 500-fold dilution treatment and 81.3% for the 250-fold dilution treatment (Fig. It has a good effect on resistance to various diseases such as blight, sclerotinia, pythium, and botrytis. Bacillus sp. Control of alternaria leaf blight of ginseng by microbial agent and fungicides. Ginseng is a health food and a high-value crop, but it needs a long cultivation period and is susceptible to plant diseases such as gray mold. Li X, Han JS, Jin X, Yin D, Choi JE. Other bacteria are termed Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and while they do not have any direct effect on pathogens their growth promoting effects can contribute to disease tolerance. Most biofungicides have short reentry intervals (0-4 hours). Bio-sourced fungicides refer to the direct use of biologically active substances produced by biological organisms or biological metabolic processes or substances extracted from organisms as disease prevention and treatment. Trichoderma: The inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi by Trichoderma has been discovered. For each of 11 samples, 3 l of the sample solution was placed in a 5-l rectangular aluminum tray, frozen at 20C for 24 h, and then sequentially freeze-dried using a 500-kg freeze dryer (PYTFD-500R; ilShin Lab, Seoul, Korea). Therefore, the production of biofungicides generally does not create conflicts with the use of non-renewable resources (such as oil, coal, natural gas, etc.) Kim et al. The results showed that conidial viabilities of about 50100% (more than 30.0 107 conidia/g) were maintained for the first 8 months. Its effective active ingredients are completely present and derived from natural ecosystems. The formation of spores makes them adaptable and resistant to stress, easy to industrialize production and storage, and has great potential for application. Cultivations were performed for 96 h at 25C and 150 rpm with an aeration rate of 0.5 vvm. An agitation speed of 300 rpm in a 5-l jar corresponded to 150 rpm in a 500-l pilot and 80 rpm in a 5,000-l vessel, respectively. In this study, the control efficacy of BCP-WP10 for ginseng gray mold was 65.6% at a 500-fold dilution. Plant Shield, Root Shield, PreStop, SoilGard, Asperello T34, and T-22 PlanterBox are commercial formulations of, Companion, Cease, and Sonata contain bacteria in the species, Center for Agriculture, Food,andtheEnvironment, UMassExtension GreenhouseCrops and Floriculture Program, Greenhouse Best Management Practices (BMP) Manual, New England Greenhouse Floriculture Guide, Pesticide Information (Labels, MSDS, WPS), Pesticide Licensing (Certification, Exams, Workshops), Soil and Plant Nutrient Testing and Diagnostics, CenterforAgriculture, Food, and theEnvironment, Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment. Therefore, to develop a microbial fungicide having a uniform and high control efficacy, it is crucial to develop an optimized pilot fermentation protocol, conidial harvesting process, and formulation (Berger et al., 1996; Hong et al., 2012; Paulitz and Blanger, 2001). BCP-WP10 at 500- and 250-fold dilutions was applied three times to 4-year-old ginseng plants (cv. The plots, consisting of 50 plants per plot, were arranged as a randomized complete block with three replicates per treatment.
BCP-WP10 can be used to control gray mold diseases in farmlands where chemical fungicide resistance or residual toxicity exists and the use of chemical pesticides is prohibited. They should be mixed into the growing media prior to planting or applied as a drench immediately after transplanting, making sure that the entire soil volume is treated. Thus, these processes could possibly be applied to commercial production. In this study, the conidia yield of 3.1 109 conidia/ml in a 5,000-l vessel was comparable to that of a 5-l jar fermenter.
This makes these fungi active colonizers of toxic environments and a strong competitor. on improving soil conditions, controlling plant diseases & increasing plant yields and quality. Hong SJ, Park JH, Kim YK, Jee HJ, Han EJ, Shim CK, Kim MJ, Kim JH, Kim SH. Plant Shield, Root Shield, PreStop, SoilGard, Asperello T34, and T-22 PlanterBox are commercial formulations of Trichoderma species and the closely related Gliocladium species. The experiment was repeated twice with three replicates per sample. Moyano C, Gmez V, Melgarejo P. Resistance to pyrimethanil and other fungicides in Botrytis cinerea populations collected on vegetable crops in spain. Accessibility Choi GJ, Kim JC, Jang KS, Cho KY, Kim HT. Williamson B, Tudzynski B, Tudzynski P, Van Kan JA. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0, White carbon 10% + lactose 5% + trehalose 5%, Lactose 10% + trehalose 7.5% + soybean meal 2% + glycerin 0.5%. The control efficacy of BCP-WP10 at 250-fold dilution was similar to that of fludioxonil. In addition, BCP-WP10 effectively reduced the development of ginseng gray mold. In fact, Trichoderma species have been found to be highly resistant to a variety of toxins and antibiotics produced by soil microorganisms, antimicrobial compounds produced by plants, and even chemical fungicides. Data shown are the means of three replicates. National Library of Medicine The formation of spores makes them adaptable and resistant to stress, easy to industrialize production and storage, and has great potential for application. After that time, the viability dramatically decreased to approximately 17% (5.0 107 conidia/g) after 20 weeks and 8.7% (2.6 107 conidia/g) after 22 weeks (Fig. Using the freeze-dried sample, a wettable powder-type formulation (BCP-WP10) was prepared; 10 g of the freeze-dried sample was mixed with 89.5 g of flux-calcined diatomaceous earth (MW25, 68855-54-9; Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA), 0.25 g of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (28-00379-01; Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan), and 0.25 g of 2-(acetoxy[polyethyleneoxy]propyl) heptamethyltrisiloxane (125997-17-3; Jiangxi Hito Chemical Co., Jiangxi, China). For the 5,000-l scale fermentation (KoBioTech), seed cultures were grown for 48 h in a 500-l pilot vessel as described above.
Le Dang Q, Shin TS, Park MS, Choi YH, Choi GJ, Jang KS, Kim IS, Kim JC. All products are labeled for most greenhouse ornamentals and vegetables. Control efficacy was calculated using the following formula: control efficacy (%) = 100 (DI of control DI of treatment)/DI of control. However, since gray mold causes damage not only during plant growth, but also during storage and transportation after harvest (Agrios, 2005), it is essential to develop a biological control agent that can replace chemical fungicides. - The most successful of the strains of biocontrol microorganisms exhibit rhizosphere competence, the ability to colonize and grow in association with plant roots. BCP-WP10 was applied three times at 500- and 250-fold dilutions at 7-day intervals (calendar dates 3/25/2009, 4/1/2009, and 4/8/2009) by foliar spray. Disease control efficacy of the wettable powder-type formulation of Simplicillium lamellicola BCP (BCP-WP10) against tomato gray mold in a field. Kim YS, Song JG, Lee IK, Yeo WH, Yun BS. Improvements in plant growth result from effects on soil microflora and direct effects on the plant. Bio fungicides are more and more popular with farmers. 1). Cultivation patterns of Simplicillium lamellicola BCP in 5-l (A), 500-l (B), and 5,000-l (C) bioreactors based on a constant impeller tip speed. Received 2017 Apr 19; Revised 2017 Apr 26; Accepted 2017 Apr 30. The yield and viability of conidia in the freeze-dried samples varied according to the different additives used. Production of cell wall degrading enzymes is almost always part of the process. A protocol for determination of conidial viability of the fungal entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae from commercial products. In this study, an optimized freeze-drying method for harvesting S. lamellicola conidia from a liquid culture was developed. Disease incidence (DI) was assessed 7 days after the third application of BCP-WP10, and DI was calculated as the percentage of tomato plants that were infected with Botrytis cinerea. The number of conidia in each of the 11 freeze-dried samples was determined as described above. Papavizas GC, Dunn MT, Lewis JA, Beagle-Ristaino J. The disease incidence of the untreated control was 26.8%. Biological control of strawberry gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea using Bacillus licheniformis N1 formulation. This capacity to induce resistance to a wide range of diseases in a variety of plants appears to be widespread. Suppression effect of gray mold and late blight on tomato plants by rhamnolipid B. Berger F, Li H, White D, Frazer R, Leifert C. Effect of pathogen inoculum, antagonist density, and plant species on biological control of Phytophthora and Pythium damping-off by Bacillus subtilis Cot1 in high-humidity fogging glasshouses. Biological fungicides are attracting more and more peoples attention and interest. (2012) reported that one Bacillus biofungicide reduced tomato gray mold incidence by 55.4%. Strong selectivity and safety for humans and animals. FOIA The diluted solutions were spread on potato dextrose agar and the number of conidia was counted after 3 days by the plate viability count method (Oliveira et al., 2015). To determine the number of conidia in the fermentation broth samples, they were serially diluted with 0.85% NaCl solution.
- An important mechanism of biocontrol microorganisms is the ability to induce metabolic changes in plants that increase their resistance to a wide range of plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Oliveira DG, Pauli G, Mascarin GM, Delalibera I. Various chemical pesticides have been used for the control of gray mold in the agricultural ecosystem (Choi et al., 2008; Williamson et al., 2007). The flasks were incubated on a rotary shaker (IS-971RF; Jeio Tech, Daejeon, Korea) at 25C and 150 rpm for 48 h. For laboratory-scale fermentation, 3% (v/v) of seed culture was inoculated into a 5-l jar containing 3 l of fermentation medium and equipped with a dissolved-oxygen meter and a pH meter (KoBioTech, Incheon, Korea).
BS061 suppresses powdery mildew and gray mold. Biocontrol of postharvest gray mold of cherry tomatoes with the marine yeast Rhodosporidium paludigenu. Its greatest feature is that it is easily decomposed by sunlight, plants, or various soil microorganisms. Mycoparasitism of biocontrol microorganisms includes directed growth, contact and binding, coiling of hyphae around the host fungus, penetration, and degradation. To investigate the control effect of BCP-WP10 against tomato gray mold, an experiment was performed in a farmers greenhouse in Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Disease control efficacy of the wettable powder-type formulation of Simplicillium lamellicola BCP (BCP-WP10) against ginseng gray mold in a field.
Agricultural antibiotic bactericides are secondary metabolites produced by microbial fermentation processes that inhibit or kill plant pathogens and regulate crop growth and development at low concentrations. As the fermentation scale increased from a 5-l jar to a 300 l vessel, the pigment yield of Monascus J101 was reduced up to 16% (Kim et al., 2002a). 3, BCP-WP10 suppressed the development of tomato gray mold in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help During scale-up process, however, the reduction of productivity have been reported (Kim et al., 2002a, 2005). 8600 Rockville Pike
The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Conidial production was scaled up from a 5-l jar to a 340 5,000-l vessel. For example, Kasugamycin, Jinggangmycin, Polyoxymycin, and Streptomycin. And have a remarkable ability to adapt to bad soil environments & improve soil conditions. Conidial production by large-scale fermentation. Considering reduction of product yield in larger scale fermentation, this result is fairly acceptable in the process development, indicating that scale-up process was developed in our study. Plots of 50 m2 were arranged as a randomized complete block with three replicates per treatment. The bio fungicide currently developed are basically microbial fungicides of bacteria, fungi, and antibiotics, mainly including agricultural antibiotics, bacterial fungicides, fungal fungicides, and viral fungicides. Antimicrobial activities of novel mannosyl lipids isolated from the biocontrol fungus Simplicillium lamellicola BCP against phytopathogenic bacteria. However, becuase the conidia of S. lamellicola produced in a liquid culture are sensitive to heat, a freeze-drying method was used in this study. Kim HJ, Kim YH, Roh YH, Seong BL, Shin CS. Enhanced resistance is systemic because disease resistance occurs at sites distance from the location of the biocontrol microorganisms. In the greenhouse industry, biofungicides are applied preventively to growth media or as a seed treatment for root and crown disease control and can be as effective as chemical fungicides. - A final way in which these organisms act is through plant growth promotion. The experiment was repeated twice with three replicates per sample. Composition of 11 additives for freeze-drying the fermentation broth of Simplicillium lamellicola BCP and the numbers of viable conidia in the freeze-dried samples.
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture, product yield of enterokinase in a 300-l vessel was lower than that in a 5-l jar (Kim et al., 2005). They must be reapplied frequently both to protect new growth and to ensure that effective populations of the microorganisms are present. Kim JH, Lee SH, Kim CS, Lim EK, Choi KH, Kong HG, Kim DW, Lee SW, Moon BJ. Mycoparasitism of Acremonium strictum BCP on Botrytis cinerea, the gray mold pathogen. Liquid fermentation technology for experimental production of biocontrol fungi. The conidial viability of our solid culture (unpublished data) was reduced to 10% of the original by grinding. At present, the main means of controlling plant diseases are chemical fungicides. has a wide variety of resources and abundant resources. The use of composts and suppressive growing medium, which both contain living microorganisms, to mitigate disease is another example of this disease management option. Kim JC, Choi GJ, Kim HJ, Kim HT, Ahn JW, Cho KY. Verlamelin, an antifungal compound produced by a mycoparasite, Acremonium strictum. These microorganisms produce a wide range of antibiotic substances, parasitize other fungi, compete with other fungi, and induce localized or systemic resistance in plants. However, due to potential human health hazards, environmental pollution, non-target organisms, and the development of plant-pathogen resistance, the development of chemical fungicide has been limited. Although the experimental conditions such as disease incidence, treatment frequency, and environment differed from those of our experiment, the disease control efficacy of BCP-WP10 was higher than that of the Bacillus biofungicide. The tomato plants were infected naturally with B. cinerea. As shown in Fig. The conidial yield obtained using the optimized fermentation medium was about 33 times higher than that of CDB medium (Table 2). Zhao J, Li J, Kong F. Biocontrol activity against Botrytis cinerea by Bacillus subtilis 728 isolated from marine environment. Beneficial root-colonizing microorganisms promote plant growth and productivity. Screening of antagonistic bacteria having antifungal activity against various phytopathogens. For seed cultures, a 1.2-ml Cryovial tube (Simport) was thawed at 25C and cultured in a 500-ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 ml of fermentation medium. When lactose, trehalose, soybean meal, and glycerin were used as additives for the freeze-drying method, the conidial viability was maintained at 85.7%. The pilot fermentation was performed for 96 h at 25C and 80 rpm with an aeration rate of 0.5 vvm. The most effective use of biofungicides is as a preventive treatment in growing media or as a seed treatment. to produce chemical synthetic products for raw materials, and is conducive to the protection and permanent use of human natural resources. The control efficacies of BCP-WP10 were 65.6% for the 500-fold dilution treatment and 81.3% for the 250-fold dilution treatment (Fig. It has a good effect on resistance to various diseases such as blight, sclerotinia, pythium, and botrytis. Bacillus sp. Control of alternaria leaf blight of ginseng by microbial agent and fungicides. Ginseng is a health food and a high-value crop, but it needs a long cultivation period and is susceptible to plant diseases such as gray mold. Li X, Han JS, Jin X, Yin D, Choi JE. Other bacteria are termed Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and while they do not have any direct effect on pathogens their growth promoting effects can contribute to disease tolerance. Most biofungicides have short reentry intervals (0-4 hours). Bio-sourced fungicides refer to the direct use of biologically active substances produced by biological organisms or biological metabolic processes or substances extracted from organisms as disease prevention and treatment. Trichoderma: The inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi by Trichoderma has been discovered. For each of 11 samples, 3 l of the sample solution was placed in a 5-l rectangular aluminum tray, frozen at 20C for 24 h, and then sequentially freeze-dried using a 500-kg freeze dryer (PYTFD-500R; ilShin Lab, Seoul, Korea). Therefore, the production of biofungicides generally does not create conflicts with the use of non-renewable resources (such as oil, coal, natural gas, etc.) Kim et al. The results showed that conidial viabilities of about 50100% (more than 30.0 107 conidia/g) were maintained for the first 8 months. Its effective active ingredients are completely present and derived from natural ecosystems. The formation of spores makes them adaptable and resistant to stress, easy to industrialize production and storage, and has great potential for application. Cultivations were performed for 96 h at 25C and 150 rpm with an aeration rate of 0.5 vvm. An agitation speed of 300 rpm in a 5-l jar corresponded to 150 rpm in a 500-l pilot and 80 rpm in a 5,000-l vessel, respectively. In this study, the control efficacy of BCP-WP10 for ginseng gray mold was 65.6% at a 500-fold dilution. Plant Shield, Root Shield, PreStop, SoilGard, Asperello T34, and T-22 PlanterBox are commercial formulations of, Companion, Cease, and Sonata contain bacteria in the species, Center for Agriculture, Food,andtheEnvironment, UMassExtension GreenhouseCrops and Floriculture Program, Greenhouse Best Management Practices (BMP) Manual, New England Greenhouse Floriculture Guide, Pesticide Information (Labels, MSDS, WPS), Pesticide Licensing (Certification, Exams, Workshops), Soil and Plant Nutrient Testing and Diagnostics, CenterforAgriculture, Food, and theEnvironment, Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment. Therefore, to develop a microbial fungicide having a uniform and high control efficacy, it is crucial to develop an optimized pilot fermentation protocol, conidial harvesting process, and formulation (Berger et al., 1996; Hong et al., 2012; Paulitz and Blanger, 2001). BCP-WP10 at 500- and 250-fold dilutions was applied three times to 4-year-old ginseng plants (cv. The plots, consisting of 50 plants per plot, were arranged as a randomized complete block with three replicates per treatment. BCP-WP10 can be used to control gray mold diseases in farmlands where chemical fungicide resistance or residual toxicity exists and the use of chemical pesticides is prohibited. They should be mixed into the growing media prior to planting or applied as a drench immediately after transplanting, making sure that the entire soil volume is treated. Thus, these processes could possibly be applied to commercial production. In this study, the conidia yield of 3.1 109 conidia/ml in a 5,000-l vessel was comparable to that of a 5-l jar fermenter.
This makes these fungi active colonizers of toxic environments and a strong competitor. on improving soil conditions, controlling plant diseases & increasing plant yields and quality. Hong SJ, Park JH, Kim YK, Jee HJ, Han EJ, Shim CK, Kim MJ, Kim JH, Kim SH. Plant Shield, Root Shield, PreStop, SoilGard, Asperello T34, and T-22 PlanterBox are commercial formulations of Trichoderma species and the closely related Gliocladium species. The experiment was repeated twice with three replicates per sample. Moyano C, Gmez V, Melgarejo P. Resistance to pyrimethanil and other fungicides in Botrytis cinerea populations collected on vegetable crops in spain. Accessibility Choi GJ, Kim JC, Jang KS, Cho KY, Kim HT. Williamson B, Tudzynski B, Tudzynski P, Van Kan JA. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0, White carbon 10% + lactose 5% + trehalose 5%, Lactose 10% + trehalose 7.5% + soybean meal 2% + glycerin 0.5%. The control efficacy of BCP-WP10 at 250-fold dilution was similar to that of fludioxonil. In addition, BCP-WP10 effectively reduced the development of ginseng gray mold. In fact, Trichoderma species have been found to be highly resistant to a variety of toxins and antibiotics produced by soil microorganisms, antimicrobial compounds produced by plants, and even chemical fungicides. Data shown are the means of three replicates. National Library of Medicine The formation of spores makes them adaptable and resistant to stress, easy to industrialize production and storage, and has great potential for application. After that time, the viability dramatically decreased to approximately 17% (5.0 107 conidia/g) after 20 weeks and 8.7% (2.6 107 conidia/g) after 22 weeks (Fig. Using the freeze-dried sample, a wettable powder-type formulation (BCP-WP10) was prepared; 10 g of the freeze-dried sample was mixed with 89.5 g of flux-calcined diatomaceous earth (MW25, 68855-54-9; Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA), 0.25 g of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (28-00379-01; Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan), and 0.25 g of 2-(acetoxy[polyethyleneoxy]propyl) heptamethyltrisiloxane (125997-17-3; Jiangxi Hito Chemical Co., Jiangxi, China). For the 5,000-l scale fermentation (KoBioTech), seed cultures were grown for 48 h in a 500-l pilot vessel as described above.
Le Dang Q, Shin TS, Park MS, Choi YH, Choi GJ, Jang KS, Kim IS, Kim JC. All products are labeled for most greenhouse ornamentals and vegetables. Control efficacy was calculated using the following formula: control efficacy (%) = 100 (DI of control DI of treatment)/DI of control. However, since gray mold causes damage not only during plant growth, but also during storage and transportation after harvest (Agrios, 2005), it is essential to develop a biological control agent that can replace chemical fungicides. - The most successful of the strains of biocontrol microorganisms exhibit rhizosphere competence, the ability to colonize and grow in association with plant roots. BCP-WP10 was applied three times at 500- and 250-fold dilutions at 7-day intervals (calendar dates 3/25/2009, 4/1/2009, and 4/8/2009) by foliar spray. Disease control efficacy of the wettable powder-type formulation of Simplicillium lamellicola BCP (BCP-WP10) against tomato gray mold in a field. Kim YS, Song JG, Lee IK, Yeo WH, Yun BS. Improvements in plant growth result from effects on soil microflora and direct effects on the plant. Bio fungicides are more and more popular with farmers. 1). Cultivation patterns of Simplicillium lamellicola BCP in 5-l (A), 500-l (B), and 5,000-l (C) bioreactors based on a constant impeller tip speed. Received 2017 Apr 19; Revised 2017 Apr 26; Accepted 2017 Apr 30. The yield and viability of conidia in the freeze-dried samples varied according to the different additives used. Production of cell wall degrading enzymes is almost always part of the process. A protocol for determination of conidial viability of the fungal entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae from commercial products. In this study, an optimized freeze-drying method for harvesting S. lamellicola conidia from a liquid culture was developed. Disease incidence (DI) was assessed 7 days after the third application of BCP-WP10, and DI was calculated as the percentage of tomato plants that were infected with Botrytis cinerea. The number of conidia in each of the 11 freeze-dried samples was determined as described above. Papavizas GC, Dunn MT, Lewis JA, Beagle-Ristaino J. The disease incidence of the untreated control was 26.8%. Biological control of strawberry gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea using Bacillus licheniformis N1 formulation. This capacity to induce resistance to a wide range of diseases in a variety of plants appears to be widespread. Suppression effect of gray mold and late blight on tomato plants by rhamnolipid B. Berger F, Li H, White D, Frazer R, Leifert C. Effect of pathogen inoculum, antagonist density, and plant species on biological control of Phytophthora and Pythium damping-off by Bacillus subtilis Cot1 in high-humidity fogging glasshouses. Biological fungicides are attracting more and more peoples attention and interest. (2012) reported that one Bacillus biofungicide reduced tomato gray mold incidence by 55.4%. Strong selectivity and safety for humans and animals. FOIA The diluted solutions were spread on potato dextrose agar and the number of conidia was counted after 3 days by the plate viability count method (Oliveira et al., 2015). To determine the number of conidia in the fermentation broth samples, they were serially diluted with 0.85% NaCl solution.
- An important mechanism of biocontrol microorganisms is the ability to induce metabolic changes in plants that increase their resistance to a wide range of plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Oliveira DG, Pauli G, Mascarin GM, Delalibera I. Various chemical pesticides have been used for the control of gray mold in the agricultural ecosystem (Choi et al., 2008; Williamson et al., 2007). The flasks were incubated on a rotary shaker (IS-971RF; Jeio Tech, Daejeon, Korea) at 25C and 150 rpm for 48 h. For laboratory-scale fermentation, 3% (v/v) of seed culture was inoculated into a 5-l jar containing 3 l of fermentation medium and equipped with a dissolved-oxygen meter and a pH meter (KoBioTech, Incheon, Korea).
BS061 suppresses powdery mildew and gray mold. Biocontrol of postharvest gray mold of cherry tomatoes with the marine yeast Rhodosporidium paludigenu. Its greatest feature is that it is easily decomposed by sunlight, plants, or various soil microorganisms. Mycoparasitism of biocontrol microorganisms includes directed growth, contact and binding, coiling of hyphae around the host fungus, penetration, and degradation. To investigate the control effect of BCP-WP10 against tomato gray mold, an experiment was performed in a farmers greenhouse in Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Disease control efficacy of the wettable powder-type formulation of Simplicillium lamellicola BCP (BCP-WP10) against ginseng gray mold in a field.